ATI RN
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the child unable to sit still in school?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dextroamphetamine. This drug is a stimulant commonly prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. It helps improve focus and control impulsivity, addressing symptoms like inability to sit still in school. Cocaine (A) is a highly addictive illegal drug with no therapeutic use in this context. Methylphenidate (C) is another stimulant used for ADHD. Guanfacine (D) is a non-stimulant medication that is typically used as an alternative treatment for ADHD-related symptoms, but it is less likely to be prescribed for a child unable to sit still in school compared to stimulant medications like Dextroamphetamine.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following was most likely one of the postreceptor mechanisms triggered by methadone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because methadone stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity as a postreceptor mechanism. Methadone is an opioid receptor agonist that activates G-protein coupled receptors, leading to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent increase in cAMP levels. This increased cAMP signaling pathway results in various downstream effects, including modulation of neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. A: Inhibition of the synthesis of inositol triphosphate/diacylglycerol (IP3/DAG) is not a postreceptor mechanism triggered by methadone. B: Blockade of Ca2+ channels on presynaptic nerve terminals is not a postreceptor mechanism triggered by methadone. C: Opening of Na+ channels on neuronal cell membrane is not a postreceptor mechanism triggered by methadone. In summary, methadone's stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity is the correct choice as it align
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following analgesic drugs would be contraindicated for the patient with postoperative adynamic ileus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Morphine. Postoperative adynamic ileus is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and reduced intestinal motility. Morphine can exacerbate these symptoms by causing further gastrointestinal motility issues, leading to potential complications such as bowel obstruction. Acetaminophen (A), Ibuprofen (C), and Ketorolac (D) do not have significant effects on gastrointestinal motility and are therefore safer choices for patients with postoperative adynamic ileus.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following signs and symptoms did the girl most likely experience just after smoking?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased heart rate. When smoking, nicotine enters the bloodstream and stimulates the release of adrenaline, leading to increased heart rate. Hypertension (choice A) may occur over time with consistent smoking. Depressive mood (choice C) is more commonly associated with withdrawal symptoms rather than immediate effects. Hyperalgesia (choice D), increased sensitivity to pain, is not a typical immediate effect of smoking.
Question 5 of 5
Withdrawal from which of the following drugs most likely caused the patient's seizure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Heroin. Heroin withdrawal can lead to seizures due to the sudden decrease in brain activity when the drug is removed. This causes an imbalance in neurotransmitters, increasing the risk of seizures. LSD (A) and cannabis (B) are not associated with seizure risk during withdrawal. Alprazolam (C) withdrawal can cause seizures but is less common compared to heroin withdrawal.