Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the child described in the text?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dextroamphetamine is a commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, especially in children who exhibit symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. It acts by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to improve focus and reduce hyperactive behavior in individuals with ADHD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Buprenorphine is a partial µ (mu) opioid agonist that is more potent than morphine and has effects that are not readily antagonized by naloxone. This makes it a suitable choice for a patient with severe pain, such as one suffering from colon cancer. Buprenorphine can provide effective pain relief without the risk of easy reversal by naloxone, making it the most likely drug administered in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Buprenorphine, as a partial agonist at µ (mu) receptors and a full agonist at κ (kappa) receptors, is a suitable choice for managing pain in a patient with osteoarthritis. Its dual mechanism of action can provide effective pain relief while reducing the risk of tolerance and dependence associated with full opioid agonists. Therefore, in the case of worsening joint pain in an osteoarthritis patient, buprenorphine would be a likely choice to alleviate the pain effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Constriction of the renal vascular bed is a common effect of opioids like morphine, which can help reduce fluid overload and improve cardiac function in patients with impending pulmonary edema. This constriction leads to a decrease in renal blood flow and subsequently decreases the filtration of fluid into the kidneys, alleviating symptoms of pulmonary edema. This effect helps to reduce the patient's overall fluid volume and cardiac workload, contributing to the therapeutic benefit in the context of heart failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.