Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the 12-year-old girl with refractory absence seizures?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this case, the neurologist decided to add a second-generation antiepileptic drug that blocks voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and may inhibit the synaptic release of glutamate. Among the choices, Lamotrigine fits this description as it is known to block voltage-gated sodium channels, making it the most likely drug prescribed for the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carbidopa is a drug that inhibits the peripheral metabolism of levodopa, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain and be converted to dopamine. In this patient with decreased dopamine metabolism in the striatum, adding carbidopa to the regimen would further enhance the availability of levodopa in the brain, thereby improving symptoms of parkinsonism. The other options do not directly address the issue of decreased dopamine metabolism in the striatum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most likely receptors mediating the adverse effect of olanzapine in the 37-year-old woman are GABAergic and muscarinic receptors. Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, can have side effects such as acute psychotic states and aggression, which may be due to its interaction with these receptors. Blocking GABAergic receptors can lead to disinhibition and agitation, while muscarinic receptor blockade can cause cognitive impairment and confusion, both of which could contribute to the patient's acute psychotic state and aggressive behavior.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.