Which of the following drugs was most likely administered to the patient to prevent further fibrillatory episodes?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amiodarone. Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic drug commonly used to prevent fibrillatory episodes like atrial fibrillation. It has a broad spectrum of action, affecting multiple ion channels to stabilize cardiac rhythm. Mexiletine (A) is used for ventricular arrhythmias, not fibrillatory episodes. Sotalol (B) is also used for ventricular arrhythmias and can actually increase the risk of torsades de pointes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Quinidine (C) is an older antiarrhythmic that is less commonly used due to its potential for proarrhythmic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In understanding the major lipid class present in chylomicrons, it is crucial to delve into the process of lipid metabolism. Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles synthesized in the intestine to transport dietary lipids, primarily triglycerides, to various tissues. The correct answer is C) Dietary triglycerides. Chylomicrons primarily consist of triglycerides derived from the diet. Option A) Endogenous triglycerides are synthesized in the liver and released into circulation via VLDL particles, not chylomicrons. Option B) Cholesterol esters are not a major component of chylomicrons, as cholesterol esters are primarily found in LDL particles. Option D) "All of the above" is incorrect because chylomicrons specifically transport dietary triglycerides, not endogenous triglycerides or cholesterol esters. Educationally, understanding the lipid composition of chylomicrons is essential in grasping the role of these particles in lipid transport and metabolism. This knowledge is foundational in comprehending how dietary fats are absorbed, transported, and utilized in the body. By knowing the specific lipid class present in chylomicrons, healthcare professionals can better understand disorders of lipid metabolism and make informed decisions regarding dietary interventions and pharmacological treatments for cardiovascular health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Myopathy. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are commonly prescribed for lowering cholesterol levels. Myopathy is a rare but well-documented adverse effect of statin therapy. It presents as muscle pain, weakness, or tenderness, and in severe cases, can progress to rhabdomyolysis, a serious condition where muscle breakdown products can lead to kidney damage. Option A) Onycolysis, which is the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed, is not a characteristic adverse effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Option C) Alopecia, or hair loss, is not a known adverse effect of statins. Option D) Oculomucocutaneous syndrome is not associated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. This term refers to a rare condition involving the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin, typically seen in reaction to certain medications or infections. Educationally, understanding the adverse effects of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions when prescribing or monitoring patients on these medications. Recognizing the potential adverse effects of statins, such as myopathy, allows for early detection, management, and prevention of serious complications, ultimately enhancing patient safety and outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Inactivates clotting factor Xa. Low molecular weight heparin works by binding to antithrombin III, leading to the inactivation of factor Xa, which is a crucial enzyme in the coagulation cascade. By inhibiting factor Xa, LMWH prevents the formation of thrombin, thereby inhibiting the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and ultimately reducing the formation of blood clots. Option A) Acts as an anti-platelet agent is incorrect because LMWH primarily targets the coagulation cascade rather than platelet function. Option C) Inactivates thrombin is incorrect because while heparin can inhibit thrombin, low molecular weight heparin specifically targets factor Xa. Option D) Increases fibrinolysis is incorrect because LMWH does not directly increase fibrinolysis; instead, it prevents the formation of fibrin by inhibiting factor Xa. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of medications like low molecular weight heparin is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective medication administration. Teaching patients about how their medications work also promotes medication adherence and empowers patients to actively participate in their treatment plans.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Tell the client to remain motionless because during an EKG, the client needs to be still to obtain accurate readings of the heart's electrical activity. Any movement can lead to artifacts on the EKG tracing, which can interfere with the interpretation of results. Option A) is incorrect because the focus should be on ensuring the client understands the importance of remaining still rather than minimizing any potential discomfort. Option C) is incorrect because while it's important for the client to know the duration of the test, ensuring stillness during the procedure takes precedence. Option D) is incorrect because shaving the chest is not a priority intervention for an EKG unless excessive hair interferes with electrode placement, which should be addressed by the healthcare provider, not the nurse. In an educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the significance of patient preparation for diagnostic procedures like an EKG. Emphasizing the importance of proper patient positioning and instructions can help students deliver safe and effective patient care, ensuring accurate test results and promoting patient comfort and compliance.