Which of the following drugs most likely caused the patient's high blood pressure?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating blood pressure. Drugs that increase norepinephrine levels can lead to elevated blood pressure, as seen in this patient. Atomoxetine, phenylephrine, guanfacine, and clonidine do not directly affect norepinephrine levels in a way that would cause high blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dextroamphetamine is a commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, especially in children who exhibit symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. It acts by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to improve focus and reduce hyperactive behavior in individuals with ADHD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dextroamphetamine would be the most appropriate choice for this patient as it is a stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD. It can help improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. Since the girl admitted to occasional marijuana use, medications like methylphenidate (A) or clonidine (B) may not be as effective due to potential interactions or lack of effectiveness. Alprazolam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, not ADHD. Atomoxetine (E) is another medication for ADHD, but dextroamphetamine is often preferred based on patient response and history.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Buprenorphine is a partial µ (mu) opioid agonist that is more potent than morphine and has effects that are not readily antagonized by naloxone. This makes it a suitable choice for a patient with severe pain, such as one suffering from colon cancer. Buprenorphine can provide effective pain relief without the risk of easy reversal by naloxone, making it the most likely drug administered in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Buprenorphine, as a partial agonist at µ (mu) receptors and a full agonist at κ (kappa) receptors, is a suitable choice for managing pain in a patient with osteoarthritis. Its dual mechanism of action can provide effective pain relief while reducing the risk of tolerance and dependence associated with full opioid agonists. Therefore, in the case of worsening joint pain in an osteoarthritis patient, buprenorphine would be a likely choice to alleviate the pain effectively.