Which of the following drugs most likely caused the patient's symptoms?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms described in the patient, such as difficulty in urinating and constipation, are common side effects of tricyclic antidepressants like Amitriptyline. This drug has anticholinergic properties that can lead to these symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because alcohol can enhance the side effects of anticholinergic therapy, such as dizziness and drowsiness. Alcohol can also worsen symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Choices B and C are incorrect because there is no direct interaction between cigarettes, caffeine, and anticholinergic therapy. Choice D is incorrect because while it may help relieve dry mouth, it is not specifically related to the use of anticholinergic therapy for Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) inhibits COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis (choice D), yielding analgesic (choice A) and antipyretic (choice B) effects by decreasing pain mediators and hypothalamic heat regulation, respectively. However, it inhibits, not promotes, platelet aggregation (choice C) by blocking thromboxane A2 production, a pro-aggregatory prostaglandin, making it antiplatelet, used in cardiovascular prophylaxis. Promotion of aggregation would contradict its mechanism. This exception tests understanding of aspirin's unique antiplatelet action among NSAIDs, critical for its clinical applications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance; Ipratropium has anticholinergic activity with few side effects; Albuterol has high β2-adrenergic selectivity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Digoxin improves symptoms but does not prolong survival in CHF.