Which of the following drugs most likely caused these abnormal lab results?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amphotericin B. This drug is known to cause abnormal lab results such as electrolyte imbalances (specifically hypokalemia), kidney dysfunction, and liver enzyme elevations due to its nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects. Amphotericin B is a potent antifungal medication used for severe fungal infections. Incorrect Choices: B: Fluconazole is less likely to cause significant abnormalities in lab results compared to Amphotericin B. C: Griseofulvin is not associated with the same degree of nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects as Amphotericin B. D: Flucytosine is not typically known for causing electrolyte imbalances or liver/kidney dysfunction like Amphotericin B.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Enalapril, Lisinopril, and Losartan are all medications known as ACE inhibitors or ARBs, which work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart, thus effectively treating hypertension. Enalapril and Lisinopril are ACE inhibitors, while Losartan is an ARB. These medications help lower blood pressure by blocking certain enzymes or receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased cardiac workload. Therefore, all three choices are correct as they all target the same mechanism of action in treating hypertension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs. Albuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, which means it binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs. By stimulating these receptors, albuterol causes smooth muscle relaxation, leading to bronchodilation and improved airflow in the lungs. This mechanism of action is beneficial in treating asthma by relieving bronchospasms and symptoms of shortness of breath. Choice A is incorrect because albuterol does not inhibit histamine release from mast cells. Choice C is incorrect as albuterol does not increase acetylcholine release in the lungs; in fact, it has the opposite effect by promoting bronchodilation. Choice D is incorrect as albuterol does not block leukotriene receptors; leukotriene receptor antagonists like montelukast are used for that purpose.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Celecoxib. Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly prescribed to treat acute pain and inflammation in conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It works by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme, reducing inflammation and pain. Furosemide (B) is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention, not pain or inflammation. Gabapentin (C) is an anticonvulsant primarily used for nerve pain and seizures, not inflammation. Clonazepam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and seizures, not for pain and inflammation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colchicine. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation in affected joints. It works by decreasing the inflammatory response caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints. Colchicine is not used for long-term prevention of gout attacks like Allopurinol, which is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that lowers uric acid levels. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can be used to reduce inflammation in gout but is not the first-line treatment. Furosemide is a diuretic used to treat conditions like edema and hypertension, not gout.