Which of the following drugs most likely cause d this hematologic abnormality?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Zidovudine. Zidovudine is known to cause hematologic abnormalities, specifically bone marrow suppression leading to anemia and neutropenia. This is due to its myelosuppressive effects. Acyclovir, Foscarnet, and Amantadine do not typically cause such hematologic abnormalities. Acyclovir and Foscarnet are antiviral medications primarily affecting viral replication, while Amantadine is an antiviral agent used for influenza A virus. Therefore, based on the mechanism of action and known side effects, Zidovudine is the most likely drug to cause this hematologic abnormality.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because retroviral protease inhibitors specifically target the protease enzyme in HIV, which is essential for viral replication at an early step. This disrupts the maturation of new viral particles, inhibiting viral replication. Choice B is incorrect as zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, not a protease inhibitor. Choice C is incorrect as protease inhibitors are known to inhibit CYP3A4, leading to drug interactions, but not all of them interact with many other drugs. Choice D is incorrect as it combines two separate statements without providing accurate information.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piperazine. Piperazine paralyzes the muscles of the roundworms, causing them to relax and detach from the intestinal walls, which helps in relieving the obstruction. Levamisole and Mebendazole work by different mechanisms and are not as effective for this specific situation. Pyrantel pamoate primarily causes paralysis in the worms but may not be as effective as Piperazine in relaxing the balls of ascaris.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetracycline. Tetracycline should be avoided in patients with liver disease due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Tetracycline is known to cause liver damage and can worsen the condition in patients with pre-existing liver disease. Summary of other choices: B: Cotrimoxazole - Generally safe in patients with liver disease. C: Cephalexin - Safe for use in patients with liver disease. D: Ethambutol - Not associated with liver toxicity, safe to use in patients with liver disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrochlorothiazide. It is a thiazide diuretic commonly used to treat mild hypertension. Thiazide diuretics work by reducing the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production and lower blood pressure. Furosemide (A) is a loop diuretic primarily used for more severe conditions. Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic often used for conditions like heart failure. Amiloride (D) is also a potassium-sparing diuretic but is not typically used as a first-line treatment for hypertension.