Which of the following drugs is used to treat hypertension by inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, not an ACE inhibitor like Lisinopril. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that acts on the kidneys, not on the renin-angiotensin system. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that works by relaxing blood vessels, not by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Therefore, Lisinopril is the correct choice for treating hypertension by inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Replacing deficient thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue and weight gain. By prescribing levothyroxine, the deficient thyroid hormone levels can be restored to normal, alleviating the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Increasing the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - Levothyroxine does not directly affect TSH production; TSH is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland. C: Inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis - Levothyroxine does not inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis; it provides the body with the thyroid hormone it lacks. D: Increasing the metabolism of thyroid hormones - Levothyroxine does not increase the metabolism of thyroid hormones; it directly

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lithium. Lithium is used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing mood. It helps to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes. Carbamazepine (A) is also used to treat bipolar disorder, but it primarily targets manic episodes. Sertraline (C) is an antidepressant used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, not bipolar disorder. Lorazepam (D) is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and insomnia, not bipolar disorder. In summary, Lithium is the correct choice as it specifically targets mood stabilization in bipolar disorder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colchicine. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and pain caused by urate crystal deposits in joints. It works by inhibiting inflammatory processes. Allopurinol is used for long-term management of gout by reducing uric acid levels. Ibuprofen and Aspirin are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can help with pain but do not target the underlying cause of gout.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Ezetimibe works by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine. When taken orally, it targets the NPC1L1 protein in the small intestine, preventing cholesterol absorption. This mechanism reduces total cholesterol levels in the blood. - Choice A: Correct. Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. - Choice B: Incorrect. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors like statins work in the liver, not in the small intestine. - Choice C: Incorrect. Ezetimibe does not increase HDL cholesterol levels. - Choice D: Incorrect. Blocking bile acid reabsorption is the mechanism of action of bile acid sequestrants, not ezetimibe.