Which of the following drugs is used in childhood enuresis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Imipramine hydrochloride. Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that is also used to treat childhood enuresis. It works by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, helping to control the bladder and reduce bedwetting. Imipramine pamoate is a similar drug but is not typically used for enuresis in children. Therefore, choice B is incorrect. Choice C is incorrect because only imipramine hydrochloride is specifically indicated for childhood enuresis. Choice D is incorrect as imipramine hydrochloride is indeed used for this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both of the above. Serotonin agonists are used in anxiety management (e.g., Buspirone) due to their anxiolytic effects by modulating serotonin receptors. They are also used in migraine treatment (e.g., Sumatriptan) to constrict blood vessels and reduce inflammation in the brain. Both options are valid clinical uses of serotonin agonists, making choice C correct. Choices A and B alone are incorrect as they only represent one of the clinical uses, while choice D is incorrect as serotonin agonists do have clinical uses.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diazepam. This is because Diazepam is a fast-acting benzodiazepine that helps terminate seizures quickly, making it the drug of choice for status epilepticus. It works by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm excessive electrical activity in the brain during a seizure. Phenobarbital (B) and Phenytoin (C) are not recommended as first-line treatments for status epilepticus due to slower onset of action. Valproic Acid (D) is also not the drug of choice for status epilepticus as it is typically used for long-term seizure management rather than acute seizure control.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is A: Topiramate is primarily used for migraine prophylaxis due to its ability to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain. The other choices are incorrect because topiramate is not typically used for acute seizures, mood stabilization, or pain management. It is important to differentiate between the specific indications for each medication to ensure appropriate treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sedative-hypnotic. Zolpidem is used to treat insomnia by promoting sleep onset and improving sleep maintenance. It acts on the central nervous system to enhance the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. This classification is based on its pharmacological effects and mechanism of action. B: Anti-anxiety drug - Zolpidem is not primarily indicated for anxiety disorders but for insomnia. C: Anti-convulsant - Zolpidem is not used to prevent or control seizures, so it is not classified as an anti-convulsant. D: Muscle relaxant - Zolpidem does not have a direct effect on muscle relaxation, so it is not classified as a muscle relaxant.