ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drugs is most commonly prescribed for hyperthyroidism?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Methimazole. Methimazole is commonly prescribed for hyperthyroidism as it inhibits the production of thyroid hormones. It is a first-line treatment for this condition. Levothyroxine (A) is used to treat hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. Propranolol (C) is used to manage symptoms of hyperthyroidism like rapid heart rate but does not treat the underlying cause. Amiodarone (D) can actually induce hyperthyroidism as a side effect.
Question 2 of 5
A 45-year-old female with chronic asthma is prescribed fluticasone. Fluticasone works by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reducing inflammation in the airways. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid that works by reducing inflammation in the airways, which is a key feature of asthma pathophysiology. It inhibits the inflammatory response, decreases mucus production, and improves lung function. Choice A is incorrect because blocking leukotriene receptors is the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists, not fluticasone. Choice B is incorrect as stimulating beta-2 receptors is the mechanism of action of beta-2 agonists like albuterol, not fluticasone. Choice D is incorrect because inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells is the mechanism of antihistamines, not corticosteroids like fluticasone.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following medications is most commonly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Celecoxib. Celecoxib is commonly used for osteoarthritis pain as it is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that helps reduce inflammation and pain. It specifically targets the COX-2 enzyme, which is involved in the inflammatory process in osteoarthritis. Methotrexate (A) is used for rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis. Acetaminophen (B) is a mild pain reliever and is commonly used for osteoarthritis pain, but not as frequently as NSAIDs like celecoxib. Prednisone (D) is a corticosteroid that may be used for short-term relief of osteoarthritis symptoms but is not typically the first-line treatment due to potential side effects.
Question 4 of 5
Which condition is a contraindication for the use of albuterol inhalation therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertension. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that can potentially increase blood pressure. In patients with hypertension, this can lead to further elevation of blood pressure and potentially worsen the condition. Therefore, hypertension is a contraindication for albuterol inhalation therapy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: Diabetes mellitus is not a contraindication for albuterol inhalation therapy. C: Hypotension is not a contraindication for albuterol inhalation therapy. D: Chronic bronchitis is not a contraindication for albuterol inhalation therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with hypertension is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. The mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide involves:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. Step 2: Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Step 3: By blocking sodium reabsorption, hydrochlorothiazide increases water excretion, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A: Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Summary: - Option B (Blocking calcium channels) is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide does not affect calcium channels. - Option C (Increasing the excretion of potassium) is incorrect as thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion. - Option D (Relaxing vascular smooth muscle) is incorrect as this is not the primary mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide.