Which of the following drugs is most commonly associated with the development of Steven-Johnson syndrome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is most commonly associated with the development of Steven-Johnson syndrome due to its high risk of causing severe hypersensitivity reactions. This drug has been widely reported to be a major cause of Steven-Johnson syndrome compared to the other options. Phenytoin (choice A) is known for causing different types of skin reactions but is less commonly linked to Steven-Johnson syndrome. Valproate (choice C) and Lamotrigine (choice D) have also been associated with skin reactions, but the incidence of Steven-Johnson syndrome with these drugs is lower compared to Carbamazepine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aspirin. Salicylic acid is the parent compound of aspirin. Aspirin is a salicylic acid derivative commonly used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Phenylbutazone (A) is a pyrazolone derivative, Ketamine (B) is a dissociative anesthetic, and Tramadol (D) is a synthetic opioid. Aspirin's chemical structure contains the salicylic acid moiety, making it the only salicylic acid derivative among the options provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease catecholamine-related activity. Lithium is known to decrease the activity of catecholamines, including norepinephrine and dopamine, by inhibiting their release and synthesis. This action helps in stabilizing mood and is why lithium is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. A: Stimulating dopamine and beta-adrenergic receptors is incorrect as lithium does not directly affect these receptors. C: Stimulating the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity is incorrect as lithium does not enhance dopamine receptor sensitivity. D: Decreasing cholinergic activity is incorrect as lithium primarily affects catecholamines, not cholinergic neurotransmission.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Amphetamine is a powerful stimulant of the CNS, increasing alertness and energy levels. Step 2: It stimulates the medullar respiratory center, enhancing breathing, and acts as an analeptic agent. Step 3: Amphetamine increases motor and speech activity, uplifts mood, and reduces fatigue. Step 4: Therefore, all of the above statements are true, making option D the correct choice. Option A is correct as it highlights the CNS stimulant effects. Option B is incorrect as amphetamine does not directly stimulate the medullar respiratory center. Option C is also incorrect as it does not mention the full range of effects of amphetamine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Restlessness, anxiety, orthostatic hypotension, seizures, tremor, hallucination, and psychosis are symptoms commonly associated with withdrawal from a substance. Step 2: Withdrawal occurs when a person stops using a substance they have developed a physical dependence on. Step 3: Tolerance refers to the body's decreased response to a substance over time, not withdrawal symptoms. Step 4: Drug interactions between barbiturate and diazepam would not typically cause the wide range of symptoms mentioned. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is B (Withdrawal) as it aligns with the symptoms described.