ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Book Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drugs is more likely to cause hyperkalaemia than hypokalaemia in a patient with diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within the 'normal' reference range?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia involves elevated potassium, hypokalemia reduced levels. Amphotericin causes hypokalemia via renal potassium wasting, not hyperkalemia. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, promotes potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) rarely affects potassium directly with normal eGFR. Salmeterol, a beta-agonist, can shift potassium intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Insulin, in diabetes management, drives potassium into cells with glucose, potentially causing hyperkalemia if renal excretion is impaired, though less common with normal eGFR. However, its potassium-shifting effect makes hyperkalemia more likely than hypokalemia compared to others, especially in acute settings, a key consideration in diabetic care.
Question 2 of 5
A 19-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by a friend concerned with a change in her behavior during a party. The patient is agitated, anxious, and exhibits paranoid reactions to the physical exam. Her pulse is 120 beats/minute and her blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg. She also complains of 'bugs' crawling all over her skin, although there is nothing there. Which of the following drugs has she most likely taken?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Agitation, paranoia, tachycardia, hypertension, and formication (bugs on skin) suggest cocaine . Heroin causes sedation. LSD induces hallucinations but less autonomic stimulation. Methanol and Propofol (E) don't fit. Cocaine's stimulant effects match this acute presentation.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following drugs is more likely to cause hyperkalaemia than hypokalaemia in a patient with diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within the 'normal' reference range?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia involves elevated potassium, hypokalemia reduced levels. Amphotericin causes hypokalemia via renal potassium wasting, not hyperkalemia. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, promotes potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) rarely affects potassium directly with normal eGFR. Salmeterol, a beta-agonist, can shift potassium intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Insulin, in diabetes management, drives potassium into cells with glucose, potentially causing hyperkalemia if renal excretion is impaired, though less common with normal eGFR. However, its potassium-shifting effect makes hyperkalemia more likely than hypokalemia compared to others, especially in acute settings, a key consideration in diabetic care.
Question 4 of 5
A 17-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain that he first felt around his umbilicus. His white blood cell count is 12,000/μL of blood. He is taken to the operating room for emergent laparoscopic appendectomy. About an hour into the surgery, his body temperature spikes and CO2 production rises uncontrollably. What is the next step in the treatment of this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fever and CO2 rise during surgery suggest malignant hyperthermia (MH). Dantrolene , a ryanodine receptor antagonist, halts MH by blocking calcium release. Acetaminophen reduces fever but not MH. Bromocriptine treats neuroleptic syndrome. Diazepam and Naproxen (E) are irrelevant. Dantrolene's specificity saves lives in this surgical emergency.
Question 5 of 5
An intrinsic activity of < 1 is exhibited by.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An intrinsic activity of < 1 is exhibited by a partial agonist. Intrinsic activity, also known as efficacy, refers to the ability of a drug to activate a receptor upon binding. A partial agonist has lower intrinsic activity compared to a full agonist. It is able to activate the receptor, but to a lesser extent, often resulting in a submaximal response even when all receptors are occupied. This characteristic of partial agonists makes them important in pharmacology for providing a more controlled and graded response compared to full agonists.