ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Book Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drugs is more likely to cause hyperkalaemia than hypokalaemia in a patient with diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) within the 'normal' reference range?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia involves elevated potassium, hypokalemia reduced levels. Amphotericin causes hypokalemia via renal potassium wasting, not hyperkalemia. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, promotes potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) rarely affects potassium directly with normal eGFR. Salmeterol, a beta-agonist, can shift potassium intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Insulin, in diabetes management, drives potassium into cells with glucose, potentially causing hyperkalemia if renal excretion is impaired, though less common with normal eGFR. However, its potassium-shifting effect makes hyperkalemia more likely than hypokalemia compared to others, especially in acute settings, a key consideration in diabetic care.
Question 2 of 5
A male client has erectile dysfunction. Which systems should be assessed that could contribute to the erectile dysfunction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erectile dysfunction (ED) often stems from cardiovascular issues, like atherosclerosis or hypertension, which impair blood flow to the penis, a vascular process essential for erection. The integumentary system, while relevant to skin health, doesn't directly influence ED unless severe conditions affect genital tissue, which is rare. Endocrine disorders, such as diabetes or low testosterone, disrupt hormonal balance critical for libido and erectile function, making it a key area. The nervous system, including spinal cord injuries or neuropathy, affects nerve signals for arousal, another vital component. Cardiovascular assessment is prioritized because ED can signal underlying heart disease, with shared risk factors like smoking or high cholesterol, and its vascular basis often precedes overt cardiac symptoms, necessitating a thorough check of circulation and heart health to pinpoint or rule out this common cause.
Question 3 of 5
The patient is complaining of a severe headache. The physician orders aspirin. Which action by the nurse will result in the fastest relief of the patient's headache?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aspirin on an empty stomach absorbs fastest, speeding headache relief by avoiding food delays-fatty meals like peanut butter slow gastric emptying, reducing onset. Alkaline foods may alter pH but don't hasten absorption significantly. Enteric-coated forms delay release for GI protection, not speed. Empty stomach delivery maximizes bioavailability quickly, aligning with pain relief urgency.
Question 4 of 5
A drug for which research has shown an adverse effect in animals but not in pregnant women would be categorized as Category
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this question from the ATI Pharmacology book, the correct answer is option C) D. The rationale behind this is related to the FDA's categorization of drugs based on their potential risks during pregnancy. Category D includes drugs where human studies have shown fetal risks, but the potential benefits may outweigh the risks in certain situations. Option A) A is incorrect because Category A includes drugs that have been shown to be safe in pregnant women based on adequate and well-controlled studies. Option B) B is incorrect because Category B includes drugs that have not shown fetal risks in animal studies but have not been adequately studied in pregnant women. Option D) C is incorrect because Category C includes drugs for which animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women. Educationally, understanding the FDA pregnancy categories is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions when prescribing medications to pregnant women. It emphasizes the importance of weighing the potential risks and benefits of drug therapy during pregnancy to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.
Question 5 of 5
A child has rickets and is being treated at the clinic. In addition to taking vitamin D as prescribed, what is the best information the nurse can provide?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Spend at least 20 minutes/day in the sunlight. The nurse should provide this information because exposure to sunlight is essential for the activation of vitamin D in the skin. Rickets, a condition characterized by soft or weak bones in children, is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin D. Sunlight exposure helps the body synthesize vitamin D, which is crucial for bone health. Option A) Avoid dairy products while taking vitamin D is incorrect because dairy products are a good source of calcium, which is important for bone health and can be beneficial for a child with rickets. Option B) Be sure to take brand name, not generic, vitamin D is incorrect as the effectiveness of generic versus brand name vitamins is generally the same, and what matters most is following the prescribed dosage. Option D) Take your vitamin D on an empty stomach is incorrect because vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and is better absorbed when taken with a meal that contains fats. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the role of sunlight in the activation of vitamin D and how it relates to the treatment of conditions such as rickets. It also underscores the significance of providing accurate information to patients to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.