ATI RN
Virtual ATI Pharmacology Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated if there is a history of acute porphyria?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute porphyria involves heme synthesis defects, triggered by drugs inducing hepatic enzymes (e.g., CYP450). Quinine, used in malaria, isn't a major porphyria trigger. Atenolol, a beta-blocker, is porphyrin-safe, with minimal enzyme induction. Oral contraceptives, containing estrogens/progestins, induce ALA synthase, exacerbating acute porphyria, making them contraindicated. Heparin and amoxicillin don't significantly affect porphyrin metabolism. The contraceptive link reflects hormonal exacerbation of porphyric attacks, critical for safe prescribing in this rare condition.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse notes in the patient™s medication orders that the patient will be starting anticoagulant therapy. What is the primary goal of anticoagulant therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of anticoagulant therapy is to prevent the formation of blood clots or thrombi. Anticoagulants work by inhibiting the clotting process in the blood, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation in the blood vessels. This helps to prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and other thromboembolic events. Anticoagulants do not dissolve existing clots (thrombus), they work to prevent new clots from forming. So, the main objective of starting anticoagulant therapy in a patient is to prevent the development of thrombi.
Question 3 of 5
The ulcerogenic properties of aspirin is caused by the following, except
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ulcerogenic properties of aspirin are primarily caused by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, particularly through the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-1). Prostaglandins play a crucial role in maintaining the protective mucus barrier in the stomach lining. When prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited, this protective barrier is compromised, leading to increased susceptibility to damage from the acidic gastric environment. The drug's acidity itself (Choice A), by irritating the stomach lining, can contribute to ulcer formation. Thromboxane inhibition (Choice B) is not directly related to the ulcerogenic properties of aspirin but is more associated with the drug's antiplatelet effects. Cox-1 inhibition (Choice D) is a key factor in aspirin-induced gastrointestinal injury as it disrupts the normal mucosal defense mechanisms.
Question 4 of 5
A male patient is to begin therapy with isotretinoin and asks, 'What do I have to remember to do while taking this medicine?' How would the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isotretinoin is a potent medication with significant side effects and precautions. Patients should avoid sunlight (A) due to increased photosensitivity. Regular laboratory tests (C) are necessary to monitor liver function and lipid levels. Two forms of contraceptives (D) are required for females due to the high risk of teratogenicity. Monitoring weight (B) is not typically associated with isotretinoin use.
Question 5 of 5
Which method would the nurse use to administer medications to school-age children?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: School-age kids (6-12) grasp brief explanations-e.g., 'This helps your cough'-fitting their cognitive level, easing administration. Full decision-making exceeds maturity. Holding down distresses, not needed. Lengthy talks lose attention. Brief explanation leverages development, ensuring cooperation.