ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drugs is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and works by blocking the calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amlodipine. It is a calcium channel blocker commonly prescribed for hypertension by inhibiting calcium influx into heart and blood vessel cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Lisinopril (A) is an ACE inhibitor, Losartan (C) is an ARB, and Hydrochlorothiazide (D) is a thiazide diuretic, all of which work through different mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
Question 2 of 5
This drug can act as an agonist at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ergonovine. Ergonovine is a drug that can act as an agonist at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors. Serotonergic receptors are important in regulating mood and behavior, while α-adrenergic receptors are involved in various physiological processes. Cyproheptadine (A) is a serotonin antagonist, Loratadine (C) is an antihistamine, and Promethazine (D) is a histamine antagonist and dopamine antagonist. Therefore, they do not act as agonists at serotonergic and α-adrenergic receptors.
Question 3 of 5
A 34-year-old man presented to his physician complaining of dry mouth, constipation, and difficulty in urination. He also noticed an increase in appetite. The man had started a therapy with cyproheptadine 2 weeks earlier to treat cold-induced urticaria. Drug-induced blockade of which of the following pairs of receptors most likely mediated the patient's symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: H1-histaminergic and muscarinic receptors. Cyproheptadine is an antihistamine that blocks H1-histaminergic receptors, leading to dry mouth and increased appetite. Blockade of muscarinic receptors can cause constipation and difficulty in urination. A: Dopaminergic and α1-adrenergic receptors are not typically associated with the symptoms described. C: Blocking α1-adrenergic receptors alone would not explain the urinary symptoms, and dopamine is not involved in these symptoms. D: Serotonergic and GABAergic receptors are not typically associated with these symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A 53-year-old man presented to the clinic complaining of itching, flushing, arthralgia, heartburn, and diarrhea. Further exams led to the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis. Which of the following pairs of drugs should be included in the therapeutic treatment of this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Loratadine and famotidine. Loratadine is an antihistamine that can help alleviate itching and flushing by blocking the action of histamine released during mast cell activation. Famotidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that can reduce heartburn symptoms by decreasing stomach acid production. Misoprostol (choice B) is used to prevent ulcers but is not directly related to mastocytosis treatment. Aspirin and ergotamine (choice A) can worsen symptoms in mastocytosis patients due to their potential to trigger mast cell degranulation. Diphenhydramine (choice D) is an antihistamine but is not as effective as loratadine in controlling symptoms of mastocytosis. Therefore, the best therapeutic approach for this patient is to use loratadine and famotidine to manage his symptoms effectively.
Question 5 of 5
Pharmacokinetics is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics is defined as the study of how drugs move through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Choice B correctly encapsulates this, while Choice A describes pharmacodynamics, Choice C focuses on mechanisms (also pharmacodynamics), and Choice D relates to drug development, not kinetics.