Which of the following drugs is a combination medication that contains both a LABA and an inhaled corticosteroid?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of oxygenation and perfusion, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the medications used in managing conditions like asthma and COPD. The correct answer to the question is D) Advair. Advair is a combination medication that contains both a Long-Acting Beta Agonist (LABA), which is salmeterol, and an inhaled corticosteroid, which is fluticasone. This combination provides both bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects, making it effective in managing asthma and COPD by improving airflow and reducing airway inflammation. Option A, Salmeterol, is a LABA alone and does not contain an inhaled corticosteroid. Option B, Formoterol, is another LABA and does not have an inhaled corticosteroid component. Option C, Budesonide, is an inhaled corticosteroid but does not contain a LABA. Understanding the differences between these medications is essential for nursing students to make informed decisions in clinical practice when managing patients with respiratory conditions. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of medication knowledge in respiratory care. It highlights the rationale behind using combination therapies to target both bronchodilation and inflammation in conditions affecting oxygenation and perfusion. By understanding the specific components of medications like Advair, students can enhance their clinical reasoning skills and provide optimal care for patients with respiratory disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 3:01. In neonatal resuscitation, the NRP recommends a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio for newborns. This ratio is based on the specific needs of newborns whose physiology differs from that of older children and adults. Option A) 5:01 is incorrect because it does not follow the recommended NRP guidelines for neonatal resuscitation. Option C) 30:02:00 is incorrect as it does not align with the standard 3:1 ratio recommended for newborns. Option D) 15:01 is also incorrect as it deviates from the NRP guidelines. Understanding the correct ratio for chest compressions to breaths in neonatal resuscitation is crucial for healthcare providers working with newborns. By adhering to the recommended guidelines, healthcare professionals can optimize the chances of successful resuscitation and improve outcomes for newborns in distress. Mastery of this ratio is essential for passing the NCLEX exam and for providing safe and effective care in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Preschool-aged children, like the 3-year-old in this scenario, are at a higher risk for developing upper respiratory infections compared to other age groups. This is because their immune systems are still developing and they have frequent close contact with other children, making it easier for viruses to spread. Additionally, young children may not have developed good hygiene habits yet, such as proper handwashing, which further increases their risk of infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of this NCLEX question regarding the action of codeine when used to treat a cough, it is crucial to understand the pharmacological effects of this medication. The correct answer is B) suppressant. Codeine is classified as an antitussive medication, which means it works to suppress or decrease the cough reflex. Codeine acts on the central nervous system, specifically the cough center in the brain, to reduce the urge to cough. It does this by increasing the cough threshold, making it harder for the brain to trigger the cough reflex. This action helps to control coughing, particularly in cases where coughing is non-productive or persistent. Option A) antisuppressant is incorrect because there is no such term in pharmacology. The term "antisuppressant" is not a recognized classification of medication. Option C) antihistamine is incorrect because antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamine and are typically used to treat allergies, not cough. Option D) expectorant is incorrect because expectorants are medications that help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up phlegm. Codeine, on the other hand, suppresses the cough reflex rather than promoting the removal of mucus. Understanding the actions of various cough medications is essential for nursing practice, especially when caring for patients with respiratory conditions. Nurses need to be able to differentiate between different types of cough medications to ensure safe and effective care for their patients. This knowledge is also crucial for passing exams like the NCLEX, where pharmacological principles are frequently tested.