Which of the following drugs has a therapeutic effect that increases cardiac output and slows heart rate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. Its therapeutic effect includes increasing cardiac output, which helps improve the function of the heart. Digoxin also has the ability to slow down the heart rate, making it particularly beneficial for patients with conditions like atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Therefore, among the options provided, Digoxin is the drug that has a therapeutic effect of increasing cardiac output and slowing heart rate.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When giving the drug Phenytoin, monitoring urinary pH is important because Phenytoin is known to be excreted by the kidneys. Changes in urinary pH can affect the concentration of Phenytoin in the body. Alkaline urine can increase the excretion of Phenytoin, potentially leading to subtherapeutic levels, while acidic urine can decrease excretion, potentially leading to toxic levels of the drug. Therefore, monitoring urinary pH helps ensure that Phenytoin levels are within the therapeutic range, minimizing the risk of either subtherapeutic or toxic effects. Monitoring for signs of toxicity, such as ataxia, nystagmus, and confusion, is also essential when administering Phenytoin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: "Analgesic, Antipyretic" describes the pharmacologic class of the drug, indicating that it has pain-relieving (analgesic) and fever-reducing (antipyretic) properties. Pharmacologic class refers to the category or group of medications that have similar pharmacological effects or act on the body in a similar way. In this case, the drug is categorized as an analgesic and antipyretic, which defines its primary therapeutic actions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A concentrated solution of sugar in water is known as a syrup. Syrup is commonly used in cooking and baking to add sweetness and moisture to various dishes. It is created by dissolving sugar in water over heat until a thick, sweet liquid is formed. Syrups are often used in beverages, desserts, and even as a sweetener for certain medications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenylbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its potential to cause bone marrow depression. Bone marrow depression is a serious side effect that can lead to decreased production of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This can result in an increased risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding disorders. Therefore, phenylbutazone should be used cautiously and under close monitoring to avoid this complication. Aspirin, Colchicine, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen are not typically associated with causing bone marrow depression as a side effect.