Which of the following drugs given orally would be appropriate for this patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Terbinafine. 1. Terbinafine is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat fungal infections like athlete's foot or nail fungus, which are often treated orally. 2. Acyclovir (A) is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections, not fungal infections. 3. Metronidazole (B) is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not fungal infections. 4. Vancomycin (D) is also an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not fungal infections. Therefore, Terbinafine is the most appropriate choice for treating the patient's fungal infection orally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Alendronate is a bisphosphonate medication that works by binding to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone, inhibiting osteoclast function and reducing bone resorption. This leads to increased bone mineral density and decreased risk of fractures in osteoporosis. Choices B and C are incorrect because alendronate does not directly promote osteoblast activity or increase calcium absorption in the intestines. Choice D is incorrect because alendronate does not inhibit the production of parathyroid hormone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver. Atorvastatin is a statin drug that works by inhibiting this enzyme, which plays a crucial role in the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. By blocking this enzyme, atorvastatin reduces the production of cholesterol in the liver, leading to lower levels of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream. Incorrect answers: A: Inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines - This is the mechanism of action of drugs like ezetimibe, not atorvastatin. C: Increasing HDL cholesterol levels - Atorvastatin primarily lowers LDL cholesterol levels and has minimal effect on raising HDL cholesterol levels. D: Increasing the excretion of cholesterol in the bile - This is the mechanism of action of bile acid sequestrants, not atorvastatin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin are all statin medications commonly prescribed for hypercholesterolemia by lowering LDL cholesterol levels. They work by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, thus reducing LDL levels. Choosing "All of the above" (D) is correct because all three medications are effective in treating hypercholesterolemia. The other choices are incorrect because each of them individually is a valid treatment option for lowering LDL cholesterol levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Lovastatin are all statin medications that work by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol levels. These medications are commonly prescribed to lower LDL cholesterol and decrease the risk of cardiovascular events. Choosing D as the correct answer is appropriate because all the listed medications belong to the same class and function in the same way. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually because they are all valid options for medications that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol levels.