Which of the following drugs for treatment of leprosy can cause hemolysis especially in patients with G6PD deficiency?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dapsone. Dapsone is known to cause hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency due to oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency leads to reduced ability to protect red blood cells from oxidative damage, which can be exacerbated by drugs like dapsone. Rifampicin and clofazimine are not associated with hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients. Option D is incorrect as dapsone is known to cause hemolysis in this population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Nevirapine has a higher risk of severe hepatotoxicity in patients with higher CD4 cell counts. Choice B specifies a lower threshold for CD4 cell counts in women compared to men, which aligns with the caution needed for initiating Nevirapine. Choices A, C, and D have higher CD4 cell count thresholds for both women and men, which would increase the risk of hepatotoxicity if Nevirapine is initiated in those patients. Therefore, Choice B is the most appropriate option to minimize the risk of hepatotoxicity when initiating Nevirapine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that interferes with DNA function in bacteria by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. This mechanism of action prevents bacterial DNA replication and repair, leading to bacterial cell death. Ciprofloxacin is effective in treating gonorrhea due to its ability to target and kill Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria causing gonorrhea. A: Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, not DNA function. C: Streptomycin disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome, not DNA function. D: Erythromycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome, not DNA function.

Correct Answer: zidovudine diphosphate

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zidovudine is converted by cellular enzymes to an active form (zidovudine diphosphate). Zidovudine itself is a prodrug that needs to be metabolized by cellular enzymes to its active form, zidovudine diphosphate, which inhibits HIV replication by acting as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. This active form is essential for its antiretroviral activity. Incorrect Choices: A: Zidovudine in combination with other antiretrovirals is an alternative initial treatment for HIV infection - This is incorrect because zidovudine is commonly used in combination with other antiretrovirals as a first-line treatment for HIV infection, not as an alternative treatment. B: Zidovudine is also used to prevent transmission of HIV from the mother to her fetus and to treat AIDS-related dementia - This is incorrect because zidovudine is primarily used in

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crotamiton. Crotamiton is not a topical antifungal drug; it is a scabicidal and antipruritic agent used to treat scabies and itching. Tolnaftate (A), Terbinafine (C), and Ciclopirox (D) are all topical antifungal drugs used to treat various fungal skin infections. Tolnaftate is commonly used for athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. Terbinafine is effective against fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm. Ciclopirox is used to treat fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm as well.