Which of the following drugs can be used in the treatment of Diabetes insipidus?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlorpropamide. It is a sulfonylurea drug that can be used to treat Diabetes insipidus by increasing the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland, thereby reducing excessive urination. Voglibose (A) is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used for diabetes mellitus. Metformin (B) is a biguanide used for type 2 diabetes. Pioglitazone (D) is a thiazolidinedione also used for type 2 diabetes but not for Diabetes insipidus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: endometrium. The endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterine wall that thickens in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, this layer is shed during menstruation. The myometrium (B) is the middle layer responsible for uterine contractions during labor. Epimetrium (C) is not a recognized term relating to the uterine wall. Choice D is incorrect as the endometrium is indeed the layer that sheds during menstruation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: cervix. The cervix is the structure between the uterus and the vagina. It functions as a passageway for sperm to travel to the uterus and for menstrual blood to flow out of the uterus. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Uterine tube (fallopian tube) connects the ovary to the uterus, not between the uterus and vagina. C: Vulva refers to the external genitalia, not the internal structure between the uterus and vagina. D: Hymen is a thin membrane at the vaginal opening, not the structure between the uterus and vagina.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypoglycemia. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication that commonly causes side effects such as ataxia, hirsutism, and gum hypertrophy. However, hypoglycemia is not a known side effect of phenytoin. It is important to monitor blood sugar levels in patients taking anticonvulsants, as some medications may lead to hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are common side effects associated with phenytoin use.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: On-Off phenomenon. Levodopa is a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. The On-Off phenomenon refers to the fluctuation between periods of good symptom control (On) and poor symptom control (Off) experienced by some patients taking levodopa. Tremor (choice A) is a symptom of Parkinson's but not directly caused by levodopa. Spasticity (choice B) is not typically associated with levodopa use. Akinesia (choice C) is a symptom of Parkinson's but not a direct effect of levodopa. Therefore, the correct answer is D due to levodopa's potential to cause the On-Off phenomenon in Parkinson's disease treatment.