ATI RN
Genitourinary System Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drug should be used only as clinical curative but not as prophylactic in malaria?:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Primaquine. Primaquine is used for clinical curative treatment of malaria, particularly for the eradication of hypnozoites in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections. It is not used as a prophylactic drug due to its potential side effects, such as hemolysis in individuals with G6PD deficiency. Choice A (Pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine) is a combination used for both treatment and prophylaxis. Choice B (Proguanil) is used for prophylaxis and treatment. Choice D (Mefloquine) is used for both prophylaxis and treatment of malaria.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following statement about retroviral protease inhibitors?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for choice D: Retroviral protease inhibitors, such as lopinavir and ritonavir, are correct because they are more active in inhibiting HIV replication than zidovudine (B) and they inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with many other drugs (C). Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Retroviral protease inhibitors do not act at an early step in HIV replication; they act by blocking the protease enzyme necessary for viral maturation. B: Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, not a protease inhibitor, so retroviral protease inhibitors are more potent against HIV. C: While retroviral protease inhibitors do inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with other drugs, this statement alone does not capture the complete picture of their mechanism of action or potency compared to zidovudine.
Question 3 of 5
A 5 year old child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to clumping of roundworms. Which of the following anthelmintic which administered by orogastric tube can relax the balls of ascaris and relieve the obstruction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piperazine. Piperazine is a paralytic agent that causes relaxation of the muscles of the roundworm (Ascaris), allowing it to be easily expelled from the intestine. By administering piperazine via orogastric tube, the clumped roundworms causing intestinal obstruction can be relaxed, relieving the obstruction. Levamisole, Mebendazole, and Pyrantel pamoate are not effective in relaxing the muscles of the roundworms, making them incorrect choices for this specific scenario.
Question 4 of 5
Superinfections are more common with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because using antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria can disrupt the balance of normal flora in the body, leading to superinfections. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have different susceptibility patterns, so using a combination of antibiotics increases the likelihood of killing off a wider range of bacteria, including the beneficial ones. This disruption paves the way for opportunistic pathogens to overgrow and cause superinfections. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because narrow spectrum antibiotics target specific bacteria, short courses of antibiotics reduce the risk of resistance and overgrowth, and antibiotics completely absorbed from the small intestines have minimal impact on gut flora compared to systemic antibiotics.
Question 5 of 5
A 70 year old man has severe urinary hesitancy associated with BPH. He has tried alpha blockers with little effect. His physician recommends a drug that blocks 5α-reductase in the prostate which is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Finasteride. Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor that reduces the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the prostate, thereby shrinking the prostate gland and improving urinary symptoms in BPH. Leuprolide (A) is a GnRH agonist used in prostate cancer, not BPH. Flutamide (C) is an antiandrogen used in prostate cancer. Ketoconazole (D) is an antifungal drug and not indicated for BPH.