Which of the following drug is a radical curative in plasmodium vivax malaria * and is used as prophylaxis for malaria at Chloroquine sensitive regions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primaquine. Primaquine is a radical curative drug for Plasmodium vivax malaria, as it targets the hypnozoite stage in the liver, preventing relapses. It is also used as prophylaxis in Chloroquine-sensitive regions due to its efficacy against P. vivax and P. ovale. Rationale: 1. Quinine (A) is not a radical curative drug for P. vivax malaria. It is mainly used for treatment of acute malaria. 2. Meoquine (C) is not a radical curative drug for P. vivax malaria and is used more for prophylaxis in certain regions. 3. Chloroquine (D) is not a radical curative drug for P. vivax malaria and is primarily used for treatment and prevention of malaria caused by susceptible strains of Plasmodium species.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can lead to hyperuricemia, a risk factor for gout. Thiazide diuretics decrease the excretion of uric acid, leading to its accumulation and potential for gout attacks. Furosemide (A) is a loop diuretic that does not have a significant impact on uric acid levels. Spironolactone (B) and Triamterene (D) are potassium-sparing diuretics and do not directly affect uric acid levels. So, Hydrochlorothiazide is the most likely diuretic causing the gout attack in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Furosemide inhibits the Na+K+/2Cl- transporter in the renal tubular cell. This transporter is responsible for reabsorbing sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the urine back into the bloodstream. By inhibiting this transporter, furosemide prevents the reabsorption of these ions, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes, thereby promoting diuresis. Na+K+ ATPase (A) is not the target of furosemide. Na+/Cl- transporter (B) is not the primary mechanism of action for furosemide. Na+H+ antiporter (D) is not the target of furosemide in the renal tubular cell.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium depletion, which can be exacerbated when used with potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone. This combination can lead to hyperkalemia, necessitating close monitoring of potassium levels. B: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor, not a diuretic. C: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker, not a diuretic. D: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can also cause potassium depletion, but it does not specifically need close monitoring when used with potassium-sparing diuretics.

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: C: large numbers of glomeruli Rationale: 1. The process of voiding urine involves the filtration of blood in the kidneys. 2. Glomeruli are the kidney structures responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. 3. Having a large number of glomeruli increases the efficiency of urine production and filtration. 4. Therefore, the presence of large numbers of glomeruli enhances the process of voiding urine. Summary: A: Large surface area of capillaries - This does not directly relate to the process of voiding urine but rather to blood circulation. B: Menstruation - Menstruation is a reproductive process and not related to voiding urine. D: Implantation - Implantation refers to the attachment of a fertilized egg in the uterus and is not related to voiding urine.