Which of the following dietary interventions prevents the precipitation of calcium renal stones?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: High fluid intake is the dietary intervention that prevents the precipitation of calcium renal stones. By increasing fluid intake, particularly water, the urine gets diluted, thus reducing the concentration of substances that can lead to the formation of kidney stones, including calcium. Drinking enough water can also help to flush out any potential stone-forming minerals or substances before they have a chance to crystallize and form stones in the kidney. It is recommended to have an adequate fluid intake of around 2 to 3 liters per day to reduce the risk of calcium stone formation in the kidneys. High fiber diet, increased protein intake, and intake of zinc do not directly prevent the precipitation of calcium renal stones as effectively as maintaining high fluid intake.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hemolytic anemias are characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells. As a result, the lab values typically seen in hemolytic anemia include decreased red blood cell counts (RBC), increased bilirubin (due to the breakdown of red blood cells), decreased hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, and increased reticulocytes (immature red blood cells released from the bone marrow in response to the increased demand for red blood cell production). Therefore, profile B aligns with the expected lab values consistent with hemolytic anemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the preoperative phase, one of the key roles of a nurse in patient care is to obtain preoperative orders. This involves ensuring that all necessary tests, medications, and procedures are in place before the surgery is performed. By obtaining preoperative orders, the nurse ensures that the patient is adequately prepared for the surgical procedure and that any potential risks or complications are minimized. This role requires attention to detail, clear communication with the healthcare team, and a thorough understanding of the patient's individual needs and medical history.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Insensible losses are the fluid losses that occur without the individual being aware of it, such as through breathing, sweating, and through the skin. In an afebrile person, insensible losses are normally around 600ml per 24 hours. This amount can vary depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, and individual metabolism. When a patient is febrile and experiencing diaphoresis (excessive sweating), the fluid output can increase significantly due to the body's attempts to cool itself down. It is important for the nurse to consider these increased fluid losses when planning fluid replacement for a febrile patient to prevent dehydration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prevalence = (Number of infected / Total population) * 100 = (57,000 / 530,000) * 100 ≈ 10.75%.