Which of the following describes the purpose of Leopold's maneuvers?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The purpose of Leopold's maneuvers is to determine the fetal presentation and position. Step 1 assesses the fundal height and shape, indicating the fetal part. Step 2 locates the back or limbs. Step 3 determines the presenting part in the pelvis. Step 4 confirms the presenting part and its mobility. This method helps in identifying the optimal fetal position for delivery. Assessing cervical dilation and effacement (Choice A) is typically done through vaginal examination. Measuring the frequency of contractions (Choice C) and estimating the weight of the fetus (Choice D) are not objectives of Leopold's maneuvers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because offering warm wet cloths to place on the patient's face and neck can help promote relaxation by providing a soothing sensation. This measure can help to reduce stress and tension, creating a calming environment for the laboring woman. A: Recommending frequent position changes can help with labor progress and comfort, but it may not specifically address relaxation. B: Palpating the filling bladder every 15 minutes is important for monitoring urinary output, but it is not a direct comfort measure for relaxation. D: Keeping the room lights lit may be necessary for visibility, but bright lights can be distracting and may hinder relaxation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because helping the woman manage the pain is essential in nursing care for a laboring patient to ensure her comfort and well-being during labor. This intervention includes providing pain relief measures, such as positioning, massage, breathing techniques, and administering pain medication if needed. The focus is on supporting the woman's coping mechanisms and enhancing her overall birthing experience. Choice B is incorrect because eliminating pain completely is not always possible or recommended in labor, as some pain is a natural part of the process. Choice C is incorrect as comfort with the predictable nature of care is not as crucial as providing active pain management. Choice D is incorrect because sharing personal experiences may not be relevant or helpful to the laboring patient and may not address her specific needs during labor.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is gravida 3, para 2, with a history of the shortest previous labor of 4 hours. This indicates a high likelihood of rapid labor progression, necessitating immediate hospital or birth center access to ensure timely delivery. Choice A lives 10 minutes away, which may not be enough time in case of rapid labor. Choice B, living 40 minutes away, poses a risk of delivering en route. Choice C's previous labor duration of 16 hours suggests a longer labor, making immediate hospital arrival less critical.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report the fetal heart rate to the physician or nurse-midwife immediately. A fetal heart rate of 152 bpm is within the normal range for a fetus, but it is essential to communicate any findings to the healthcare provider for further assessment and monitoring. This step ensures the safety and well-being of both the mother and the fetus by allowing the healthcare provider to determine if any additional actions are necessary. Incorrect choices: A: Inform the mother that the fetal heart rate is normal - While the heart rate may be normal, it is crucial to involve the healthcare provider for proper evaluation. B: Reassess the fetal heart rate in 5 minutes because the rate is too high - 152 bpm is not considered too high, and immediate reporting to the healthcare provider is necessary. D: Suggest to the mother that she is going to have a boy because the heart rate is fast - Fetal heart rate is not a reliable indicator of the baby's gender, and this