Which of the following describes a nurse who is “being with” the client?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing care, "being with" the client refers to a deep level of presence, empathy, and connection that goes beyond just completing tasks. Option C, silently praying with a client when requested to do so, exemplifies this concept. This action demonstrates respect for the client's beliefs, provides emotional support, and shows a willingness to engage at a personal level, promoting holistic care. Option A, answering a call bell, and option B, completing a dressing change, are important nursing tasks but do not necessarily embody the same level of emotional and spiritual support as "being with" the client. These actions focus more on physical care rather than emotional or spiritual well-being. Option D, teaching a client about their medication regime, is a valuable aspect of nursing practice that promotes health promotion and maintenance. However, educating the client, while essential, does not directly reflect the deep emotional presence and connection implied by the concept of "being with" the client. In nursing education, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of holistic care that encompasses physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects. Encouraging students to understand the significance of emotional support, empathy, and connection in nursing practice helps foster a patient-centered approach that promotes overall well-being and healing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding theories of moral development is crucial as it can impact healthcare professionals' decision-making processes and ethical considerations. Gilligan's theory of moral development is particularly relevant in healthcare settings where complex ethical dilemmas often arise. The correct answer, option B, states that Gilligan's theory is gender-specific. This is accurate because Gilligan's theory emphasizes gender differences in moral development, suggesting that women tend to approach moral dilemmas with a focus on care, relationships, and compassion, while men may prioritize justice and individual rights. Option A is incorrect because Gilligan's theory is not based on a sense of absolute right and wrong, but rather on the idea of multiple perspectives and contextual factors influencing moral reasoning. Option C is incorrect as Gilligan's theory does not directly correlate with one's stage of cognitive development, unlike Kohlberg's theory of moral development which is closely linked to cognitive growth. Option D is also incorrect as Gilligan's theory does not propose that women view situations solely in terms of rules, but rather in terms of relationships and caring for others. Educationally, understanding Gilligan's theory of moral development can help healthcare professionals approach ethical dilemmas with a more nuanced and inclusive perspective, taking into account the importance of empathy, relationships, and context in decision-making processes. By recognizing the gender-specific aspects of moral reasoning, healthcare providers can better understand and respond to the diverse ethical perspectives of both patients and colleagues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children in the concrete operational stage, typically ages 7-11, demonstrate the ability to understand the perspectives of others. This is known as the concept of conservation and egocentrism begins to decrease. Option C, "Listen to a peer’s point of view about a playground situation," aligns with this stage of development as it reflects the child's emerging ability to consider multiple viewpoints. Option A, "Use abstract thought to discuss a story," is more characteristic of the formal operational stage, which occurs in adolescence, not elementary school children. Option B, "Make moral decisions concerning right and wrong actions," is more related to Kohlberg's theory of moral development rather than Piaget's cognitive stages. Option D, "Be influenced by his or her friends," pertains more to social development and peer influence rather than cognitive development as outlined by Piaget. For educators, understanding Piaget's theory is crucial for tailoring teaching methods to students' cognitive abilities. By recognizing where children are developmentally, teachers can provide appropriate challenges and support to enhance their learning experiences. It also helps educators create environments that foster cognitive growth and understanding in students.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Second stage of labor. The second stage of labor begins once the cervix is fully dilated, and the fetus descends through the birth canal. This stage ends with the birth of the baby. A) First stage of labor is characterized by the onset of regular contractions leading to cervical dilation from 0-10cm. C) Third stage of labor begins after the baby is born and ends with the delivery of the placenta. D) Fourth stage of labor is the immediate postpartum period, typically the first 1-2 hours after delivery. Educationally, understanding the stages of labor is crucial for nurses caring for women in labor. Recognizing the signs and progression of labor stages allows for appropriate interventions, monitoring, and support for both the mother and baby. It is important for nurses to be able to identify which stage of labor a woman is in to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Self-perception–self-concept pattern. This functional health pattern encompasses the individual's beliefs and attitudes about themselves, including body image and self-esteem. In this scenario, the pregnant woman expressing excitement about wearing maternity clothes indicates a positive self-perception related to her changing body during pregnancy. Option A) Cognitive-perceptual pattern focuses on sensory and cognitive functions, not on self-image or body changes. Option C) Health-perception–health-management pattern relates to the individual's perception of their health and how they manage it, not specifically related to body image. Option D) Values-beliefs pattern pertains to the individual's values and beliefs, not directly linked to self-perception or body image. In an educational context, understanding functional health patterns is crucial for nurses to assess clients comprehensively and provide holistic care. Recognizing the significance of self-perception in pregnancy allows healthcare providers to support women emotionally and psychologically during this transformative period in their lives.