Which of the following demonstrates the second phase of application of the community health nursing process?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because developing a wellness program falls under the second phase of the community health nursing process, which is planning. In this phase, the nurse uses the assessment data to identify the needs of the community and plans interventions to address those needs. Assessing cultural norms (A) is part of the assessment phase, determining needs (B) is part of the planning phase, and supervising a fitness class (D) is part of the implementation phase. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it aligns with the planning phase of the community health nursing process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Poverty. Poverty is a primary cause of vulnerability because it limits access to resources essential for well-being, such as healthcare, education, and housing. It can lead to food insecurity, inadequate living conditions, and lack of social support. This makes individuals more susceptible to various risks and challenges. Explanation for other choices: A: Breakdown of family structures - While family breakdown can contribute to vulnerability, it is not as universally prevalent or directly impactful as poverty in causing vulnerability. C: Prejudice - Prejudice can certainly exacerbate vulnerability by creating social barriers, but it is not the primary cause of vulnerability. D: Social isolation - Social isolation can increase vulnerability, but it is often a consequence of underlying factors such as poverty rather than the primary cause.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Directly observing clients with active TB as they take their antituberculosis medications Rationale: 1. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and deterioration in individuals with existing conditions, such as active TB. 2. Directly observing medication administration ensures adherence and effectiveness in treating active TB. 3. By monitoring medication intake, the community health nurse can prevent drug resistance and further spread of TB. 4. Administering the Mantoux test (A) is a form of secondary prevention to identify TB exposure, not treatment. 5. Assessing for signs and symptoms (B) is part of early detection (secondary prevention), not tertiary prevention. 6. Interpreting TB skin test results (D) is diagnostic and not directly involved in preventing complications in individuals already diagnosed with active TB.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, monitoring for signs and symptoms of depression. This is crucial in preventing depression in older persons as early detection allows for timely intervention. Choice A is incorrect as isolation in a nursing home may worsen depression. Choice C is not specific enough to target high-risk individuals. Choice D, while positive, doesn't address the need for active monitoring and intervention. Therefore, choice B is the best option for preventive action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This is because the after-school recreation program aims to prevent substance abuse before it occurs by promoting healthy activities. This aligns with primary prevention, which focuses on preventing the onset of health issues. Secondary prevention (B) involves early detection and treatment, while tertiary prevention (C) focuses on managing and minimizing the impact of existing health issues. Choice D is incorrect as the program primarily falls under primary prevention only.