Which of the following demonstrates the first phase of application of the community health nursing process?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because determining the needs of the community is the initial phase of the community health nursing process. This involves conducting assessments to identify the health issues, concerns, and priorities of the population served. This step is crucial for planning targeted interventions. A: Participating in a health promotion lecture is an activity that may come after the assessment phase to educate the community. C: Developing a 6-week wellness program would typically occur in the planning phase, after the assessment of community needs. D: Supervising a fitness class at the local YWCA or YMCA is more related to the implementation phase, following the assessment and planning stages.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. The CHN is conducting TB screening and treatment for homeless clients who test positive, which falls under secondary prevention aimed at early detection and treatment to prevent the spread of TB. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the disease before it occurs, such as through education and vaccination. Tertiary prevention involves managing and treating the disease to prevent complications and further spread. Choice D is incorrect because the activities described only align with secondary prevention, not tertiary prevention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing care for homeless individuals in hospital emergency departments is the most costly due to the high utilization of resources and staff required for acute care. Homeless individuals often lack access to primary care, leading them to seek care in emergency departments for non-emergent issues. This results in increased costs for the community due to higher hospital bills, longer wait times, and strain on healthcare resources. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly address the significant financial burden associated with providing care in hospital emergency departments for homeless individuals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Establishing support groups for caregivers of older parents. This strategy is the most effective secondary prevention method as it provides caregivers with emotional support, coping strategies, and a sense of community. Support groups can help caregivers feel less isolated, share experiences, and learn from others facing similar challenges. Option A only assesses coping mechanisms but does not provide ongoing support. Option B offers temporary relief but does not address the root cause of stress. Option D may not be feasible for all caregivers and does not address the emotional aspect of stress. Support groups are a holistic approach to addressing caregiver stress by providing ongoing support and resources.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This action focuses on preventing the occurrence of disease by educating the client on sterilizing needles to reduce the risk of infection and transmission of blood-borne diseases. This falls under primary prevention as it aims to stop the disease from occurring in the first place. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent its progression, which is not the focus here. Tertiary prevention involves managing the complications of a disease to prevent further deterioration, which is also not the focus in this scenario. The correct answer emphasizes the importance of addressing the root cause of the issue to prevent disease transmission.