ATI RN
Immune System Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following correctly explains an epitope?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Explanation: An epitope is a specific region on an antigen that elicits the immune response and triggers the production of a specific antibody. Therefore, choice B is correct as it accurately defines an epitope. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe what an epitope is. Choice A refers to the paratope, the region of the antibody that binds to the epitope. Choice C refers to a component of the antibody structure, and choice D refers to a specific region of the antibody structure.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an infection. Which immunoglobulin should the nurse understand is produced first when an infection occurs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why IgM is the correct answer: 1. IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced in response to an infection. 2. It is the largest immunoglobulin and is effective in agglutinating pathogens. 3. IgM activates the complement system to enhance immune response. 4. IgG is produced later in the immune response and provides long-term immunity. 5. IgD and IgE have specific roles but are not the initial immunoglobulins produced in response to infection.
Question 3 of 5
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane contains:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because bacterial cytoplasmic membranes typically contain ester-linked phospholipids but no sterols. Ester-linked phospholipids are the main component of bacterial cell membranes, providing structure and function. Sterols, like cholesterol, are not commonly found in bacterial membranes. Choice B is incorrect because sterols are not present in bacterial membranes. Choice C is incorrect because ether-linked phospholipids are more commonly found in archaea, not bacteria. Choice D is incorrect because sulfolipids and glycolipids are not primary components of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes.
Question 4 of 5
Identify the correct statement(s). In prokaryotes:
Correct Answer: d
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in prokaryotes, 50s and 30s ribosomal subunits combine to form the 70s ribosome, which is necessary for protein synthesis. Firstly, ribosomes are composed of two subunits, and in prokaryotes, these are the 50s and 30s subunits. Secondly, these subunits come together during translation to form the functional ribosome. Therefore, these ribosomal subunits are indeed necessary for protein synthesis in prokaryotes. A: Incorrect. Translation can begin before transcription is finished in prokaryotes due to their lack of a nuclear membrane. B: Incorrect. Messenger RNA in prokaryotes is co-linear with the DNA template as they do not undergo RNA splicing like eukaryotes. C: Incorrect. In prokaryotes, the ribosomal RNA present is the 16s, 23s, and 5s, not 28s.
Question 5 of 5
NAD and FAD are hydrogen carriers, but cytochromes are electron carriers in bacteria. What happens to the protons (Hâº) in electron transport chains?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in the electron transport chain, protons (H⁺) are pumped across the membrane to create a proton gradient. This gradient is utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP. Therefore, protons go into solution outside the cytoplasmic membrane. Choices A and B are incorrect because protons do not simply stay in the cytoplasm or get taken back by NAD and FAD. Choice C is incorrect as protons do not directly form water when carried by cytochromes.