Which of the following correctly describes the two named body parts?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The phalanges, or finger bones, lie farther from the body's core than the carpals, or wrist bones, making them distal. This relationship aids nurses in hand assessments like fractures mapping limb anatomy accurately. Other pairs misalign: elbows are nearer than shoulders, ribs connect to the sternum, and elbows sit above knees. Precision here ensures effective care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The diaphragm, a muscular sheet, divides the thoracic cavity housing lungs from the abdominal cavity with digestive organs. Nurses assess its movement like in breathing issues ensuring this barrier maintains cavity integrity. Unlike mediastinal or peritoneal roles, it's the key separator, critical for respiratory and abdominal health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A collection of cells sharing form and purpose like muscle cells contracting defines the tissue level. This tier, above organelles and below organs, organizes the body's functional units. Nurses assess tissues like epithelial damage in burns knowing their collective role drives system performance. This structural unity shapes health, bridging cellular and organ complexity for effective physiological outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Serous membranes (A, C, E) line body cavities and secrete fluid (e.g., parietal peritoneum, visceral pleura, pericardium). Mesentery is a peritoneal fold, still serous-related. The mouth's lining is mucous membrane, secreting mucus, not serous fluid. Anatomically, serous reduces friction in cavities; mucous protects openings, making D the outlier.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Retroperitoneal means behind the peritoneum; kidneys are here, unlike stomach, appendix, and liver (E, intraperitoneal), or heart (C, thoracic). Anatomically, kidneys' posterior placement aids filtration, secured against the back wall, making B correct.