Which of the following congenital heart disease is associated with heart failure in newborn:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe coarctation of the aorta leads to heart failure in newborns due to obstructed systemic blood flow and increased left ventricular workload.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula presents with excessive oral secretions, choking, and difficulty feeding due to a disconnected or abnormal esophagus. Diagnosis is confirmed with a nasogastric tube X-ray.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Von Willebrand disease causes prolonged bleeding time despite normal platelet count due to defective platelet adhesion from a deficiency in von Willebrand factor.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rumination is not seen exclusively in infants and those with intellectual disability; it can occur in other populations as well.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The anion gap is calculated as (Na⁺ - [Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻]) and represents unmeasured anions in plasma. It helps differentiate metabolic acidosis causes, with high values suggesting lactic acidosis or toxin ingestion.