Which of the following conditions is not treated with Ephedrine?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: COPD. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. It is used to treat hypotension and congestion by increasing blood pressure and dilating airways, respectively. Incontinence is not typically treated with Ephedrine. However, COPD involves bronchoconstriction, which can worsen with Ephedrine due to its vasoconstrictive effects. Therefore, Ephedrine is not used to treat COPD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sedation. Opioid analgesics like dextromethorphan and methadone are primarily used for pain management, not sedation. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain to reduce pain perception. Pulmonary edema can be managed with diuretics, cough suppression with antitussives, and sedation with sedatives/hypnotics. Therefore, sedation is not a condition typically treated with opioid analgesics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic commonly used to treat hypertension (HTN) and congestive heart failure (CHF) by reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure. Nephritis is an inflammatory condition of the kidneys, not typically treated with Hydrochlorothiazide as it may worsen kidney function. Hypercalciuria, excessive calcium in the urine, can be managed with Hydrochlorothiazide as it helps reduce calcium excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is C (Nephritis), as it is not typically treated with Hydrochlorothiazide due to its potential impact on kidney function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker primarily used to treat angina, arrhythmias, and hypertension due to its vasodilatory effect. However, it does not treat fluid retention as it does not have diuretic properties. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because nifedipine is commonly used to manage these conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rheumatic fever. Methotrexate is not typically used to treat rheumatic fever as it is an autoimmune inflammatory condition, not typically responsive to Methotrexate. Methotrexate is commonly used to treat sarcomas, leukemias, and ectopic pregnancies due to its ability to inhibit cell proliferation. Sarcomas and leukemias are types of cancers, while ectopic pregnancy is a condition where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.