ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following conditions is characterized by chronic hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart failure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cor pulmonale is a condition characterized by right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension, which is often caused by chronic hypoxemia. Chronic hypoxemia occurs in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where there is limited airflow in and out of the lungs, leading to low oxygen levels in the blood. However, the specific characteristic of pulmonary hypertension leading to right heart failure distinguishes cor pulmonale from COPD. Other conditions like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary embolism (PE) may also lead to hypoxemia but are not primarily associated with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure as in cor pulmonale.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents with fatigue, weakness, and jaundice. Laboratory tests reveal elevated indirect bilirubin levels, reticulocytosis, and positive Coombs test. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer to the question is A) Hereditary spherocytosis. This condition is characterized by a defect in the red blood cell membrane that leads to hemolysis, resulting in anemia. The presentation of fatigue, weakness, and jaundice is indicative of hemolytic anemia, which is a common feature of hereditary spherocytosis. In hereditary spherocytosis, the elevated indirect bilirubin levels are due to the increased breakdown of red blood cells. Reticulocytosis is seen as the bone marrow tries to compensate for the decreased red blood cell lifespan. The positive Coombs test indicates the presence of antibodies attached to the surface of red blood cells, which is a common finding in autoimmune hemolytic anemias like hereditary spherocytosis. Regarding the other options: - Thalassemia and sickle cell disease are not typically associated with a positive Coombs test or reticulocytosis. - G6PD deficiency would present with hemolysis triggered by oxidative stressors, but it does not typically cause a positive Coombs test or reticulocytosis. Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of different hemolytic anemias is crucial for nurses to make accurate assessments, provide appropriate care, and educate patients about their condition and treatment options. This knowledge helps in early recognition of complications and effective management of patients with hemolytic disorders.
Question 3 of 5
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by abnormal antiphospholipid antibodies, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The two most common antiphospholipid antibodies are anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome can present with recurrent thrombotic events, such as DVT and PE, due to the pro-thrombotic effects of these antibodies. Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency, and Antithrombin III deficiency are other causes of hypercoagulability but would not typically present with elevated antiphospholipid antibodies.
Question 4 of 5
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of fever, sore throat, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests reveal leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear and positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot test). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of recurrent fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, and positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot test) is highly indicative of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and is a common cause of infectious mononucleosis. The atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are reactive T lymphocytes responding to the EBV infection. The Monospot test detects heterophile antibodies produced in response to EBV infection.
Question 5 of 5
A patient presents with gradual-onset memory loss, impaired judgment, and personality changes. Over time, the patient develops difficulty with language, motor function, and coordination. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms described such as memory loss, impaired judgment, personality changes, difficulty with language, motor function, and coordination all point towards Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects memory and cognitive functions. Over time, it leads to severe impairment in daily activities and overall functioning. While Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and ALS can also present with neurological symptoms, the combination of gradual-onset memory loss, cognitive decline, and functional impairments seen in this scenario is most characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.