ATI RN
EMT Vital Signs Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following conditions involves a tight prepuce which, once retracted, cannot be returned?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Paraphimosis. This condition occurs when the foreskin is retracted behind the glans and becomes trapped, leading to swelling and an inability to return it to its original position. Phimosis (A) is the inability to retract the foreskin over the glans. Balanitis (C) is inflammation of the glans while Balanoposthitis (D) is inflammation of both the glans and foreskin. Paraphimosis specifically refers to the foreskin being stuck in a retracted position, making it the correct choice.
Question 2 of 5
During an assessment, a patient tells the nurse that her fingers often change color when she goes out in cold weather. She describes these episodes as her fingers first turning white, then blue, then red with a burning, throbbing pain. The nurse suspects that she is experiencing:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Raynaud disease. This condition is characterized by a triphasic color change in the fingers (white, blue, red) due to vasospasms in response to cold or stress. The white color indicates decreased blood flow, the blue color is due to lack of oxygen, and the red color signifies reactive hyperemia. The burning, throbbing pain is also a common symptom. Lymphedema (A) is swelling due to lymphatic system dysfunction, not color changes. Deep-vein thrombosis (C) involves blood clots in the deep veins, not color changes. Chronic arterial insufficiency (D) would typically present with a pale or dusky color due to reduced blood flow, rather than the described color changes.
Question 3 of 5
Despite having high BP readings in the office, Mr. Kelly tells you that his readings at home are much lower. He checks them twice a day at the same time of day and has kept a log. How do you respond?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: You diagnose "white coat hypertension." White coat hypertension refers to elevated blood pressure readings in a clinical setting due to anxiety or stress. Mr. Kelly's lower readings at home suggest this phenomenon. 1. White coat hypertension is a common occurrence, affecting about 20% of people with high office BP readings. 2. Mr. Kelly's consistent lower readings at home indicate that his true BP is likely lower than what is measured in the office. 3. Checking BP at home twice a day at the same time increases reliability and accuracy. 4. Assuming nervousness or questioning the accuracy of his measurements or yours does not address the discrepancy between office and home readings.
Question 4 of 5
You completed the health history and physical examination on your new admission. After completing the assessment phase of the nursing process, the next step includes which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Interpreting clinical findings and determining a diagnosis. This step follows the assessment phase of the nursing process. First, you collect data during the assessment phase. Next, you interpret the data to make a diagnosis. This involves analyzing the clinical findings and determining the patient's health status. Choice B is incorrect because clustering cues and evaluating assessment data are part of the assessment phase, not the next step. Choice C is incorrect as collaborating with the patient and reviewing information is important but typically occurs earlier in the process. Choice D is incorrect as evaluating the information collected is part of the assessment phase, not the next step.
Question 5 of 5
Mark each of the following statements as therapeutic or nontherapeutic. f. "Why did you wait so long to see the doctor after the symptoms began?"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nontherapeutic. This statement is nontherapeutic because it implies blame or judgment on the patient for waiting to see the doctor, which can make the patient feel guilty or defensive. It does not promote open communication or trust between the healthcare provider and patient. Therapeutic responses focus on understanding the patient's feelings and experiences without judgment. Choices A, C, and D are left blank as they are not relevant to the question.