ATI RN
Quizlet Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is not correctly paired with its function?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Angiotensin II does not decrease blood pressure; it actually increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, and ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase sodium and water reabsorption, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. Therefore, D is incorrect because Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.
Question 2 of 5
A 23 year old pregnant woman has UTI and presents to the ER with fever, frequency and urgency. Which of the following antibiotics can cause potential harm to her fetus?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamycin. Gentamycin is known to have potential harmful effects on the fetus, such as causing hearing loss and kidney damage. This is due to its ability to cross the placental barrier. Amoxicillin (B) and Cephalexin (D) are both considered safe for use in pregnancy and are commonly prescribed for UTIs. Nitrofurantoin (A) is typically avoided in the third trimester due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn, but it is considered safe earlier in pregnancy. Therefore, Gentamycin is the correct choice as it poses a higher risk to the fetus compared to the other antibiotics.
Question 3 of 5
Imipenem has the broadest spectrum of activity currently available to beta-lactams. This include antimicrobial activity against the following organisms EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Imipenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic, and some atypical bacteria. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an atypical bacteria lacking a cell wall, making it resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics like imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all susceptible to imipenem due to their cell wall composition.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following fungicidal drug that acts by inhibiting fungal squalene epoxidase enzyme and is the drug of choice for onychomycosis of the toe nails in 56 year old woman with diabetes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Terbinafine is a fungicidal drug that inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase enzyme, disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis. Step 2: Onychomycosis of toenails is a common fungal infection that terbinafine is specifically effective against. Step 3: The patient being a 56-year-old woman with diabetes may require a drug with good efficacy and safety profile, making terbinafine an appropriate choice. Step 4: Griseofulvin (A) works by disrupting microtubule function, not inhibiting squalene epoxidase. Itraconazole (C) is an azole antifungal that inhibits ergosterol synthesis, not squalene epoxidase. Amphotericin B (D) is a polyene antifungal used for systemic mycoses, not onychomycosis.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drug used in the treatment of filariasis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diethylcarbamazine is the correct answer for treating filariasis because it targets the microfilariae, adult worms, and larvae of filarial parasites. It is specifically designed to kill these parasites and is considered the drug of choice for filariasis treatment. Albendazole, Levamisole, and Piperazine are not effective against filarial parasites and are used for different types of infections or conditions. Albendazole is mainly used for treating intestinal worms, Levamisole is used for parasitic infections in animals, and Piperazine is used for treating pinworm infections. Thus, only Diethylcarbamazine directly targets and eliminates filarial parasites, making it the correct choice for filariasis treatment.