Which of the following CNS stimulants is used for the cerebral stroke treatment?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Piracetam. Piracetam is a nootropic agent that has shown potential in improving cognitive functions and enhancing cerebral blood flow, making it beneficial for cerebral stroke treatment. Pantocrin (A) is a general stimulant, Sydnocarb (B) is primarily used for ADHD and narcolepsy, and Caffeine (D) is a CNS stimulant but lacks specific benefits for cerebral stroke treatment. In summary, Piracetam is the correct choice due to its specific effects on cerebral function and blood flow, while the other options are not tailored for stroke treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Theophylline. Theophylline is a bronchodilator drug related to xanthine due to its chemical structure being a xanthine derivative. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, thus dilating the bronchioles and improving airflow in conditions like asthma and COPD. A: Atropine is not a xanthine derivative and is mainly used to treat bradycardia and in emergency situations like poisoning. B: Orciprenaline is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, not a xanthine derivative, used for bronchodilation in conditions like asthma and COPD. C: Adrenaline is a catecholamine and acts as a non-selective adrenergic agonist, primarily used in emergency situations like anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest. It is not a xanthine derivative. In summary, Theophylline is the correct choice

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fercoven. Parenteral iron therapy involves administering iron intravenously or intramuscularly to treat iron deficiency anemia when oral iron is not effective. Fercoven is a formulation specifically designed for parenteral administration, making it the appropriate choice. Ferrous sulfate, ferrous lactate, and ferrous fumarate are oral iron supplements and are not suitable for parenteral administration. Ferrous sulfate is commonly used orally but can cause gastrointestinal side effects, while ferrous lactate and ferrous fumarate are also oral iron salts. Therefore, Fercoven is the correct choice for parenteral iron therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amrinone. Amrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases inotropic state by enhancing myocardial contractility and reduces afterload by vasodilation. This dual mechanism helps improve cardiac output in heart failure. A: Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug, not used for inotropic support. C: Propranolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate but does not directly affect inotropic state or afterload. D: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that helps reduce afterload but does not have direct inotropic effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B (Validol) is the correct answer: 1. Validol contains menthol, which acts as a reflex coronary dilator. 2. Menthol stimulates cold receptors in the oral cavity, leading to vasodilation. 3. Vasodilation in the coronary arteries increases blood flow to the heart. 4. This helps relieve angina symptoms by improving blood supply to the heart muscle. Summary: - A: Dipyridamole is a vasodilator but acts through adenosine receptor stimulation, not reflex coronary dilation. - C: Atenolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate and contractility but does not cause reflex coronary dilation. - D: Alinidine is a central alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, which reduces sympathetic outflow but does not directly cause reflex coronary dilation.