ATI RN
Client Health and Safety Responsibilities Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following clients may give consent to participate in a clinical trial?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: An emancipated 16-year-old. Emancipated minors have legal capacity to consent to medical treatment, including participation in clinical trials. They are considered mature enough to make informed decisions. B: A 4-year-old child lacks the legal capacity to provide consent due to their age and immaturity. C: An incompetent adult lacks the capacity to make informed decisions and provide valid consent. D: An elder with dementia may lack the capacity to understand the risks and benefits of participating in a clinical trial.
Question 2 of 5
The client who smokes two (2) packs of cigarettes a day develops ARDS after a near-drowning. The client asks the nurse, 'What is happening to me? Why did I get this?' Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should provide accurate information to the client. ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) is characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. In this case, near-drowning caused lung injury, resulting in ARDS. Option A is incorrect as not everyone who almost drowns develops ARDS. Option B is incorrect as platelets do not enter the alveoli in ARDS; it is primarily caused by inflammation and damage to the alveoli. Option D is incorrect as while smoking can weaken the lungs, in this scenario, near-drowning was the direct cause of ARDS.
Question 3 of 5
Which assessment finding should cause the nurse to suspect the early onset of hypoxemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Restlessness. Restlessness is an early sign of hypoxemia due to the body's attempt to increase oxygen intake. Hypotension (B) is a late sign in hypoxemia. Central cyanosis (C) is a late sign when the lips and mucous membranes appear blue. Cardiac dysrhythmias (D) are also a late sign in hypoxemia due to inadequate oxygen supply to the heart. Restlessness is the earliest indicator of hypoxemia compared to the other options.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with ARDS is receiving high levels of PEEP. What complication is the nurse most concerned about?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pneumothorax. High levels of PEEP in ARDS can lead to overdistension of alveoli, causing barotrauma and increasing the risk of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a serious complication that can lead to respiratory distress and requires immediate intervention. Pulmonary embolism (A) is a concern in ARDS but is not directly related to high PEEP levels. Bronchospasm (C) is not a common complication of high PEEP in ARDS. Pleural effusion (D) is caused by fluid accumulation in the pleural space, which is not directly related to high PEEP levels.
Question 5 of 5
When the nurse is caring for an obese patient with left lower-lobe pneumonia, gas exchange will be best when the patient is positioned
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: on the right side. When the patient with left lower-lobe pneumonia is positioned on the right side, gravity helps drain secretions from the affected area, improving ventilation and gas exchange. Placing the patient on the left side (A) may worsen oxygenation by further compromising the already affected lobe. High-Fowler's position (C) may not be as effective in promoting drainage as side-lying positions. The tripod position (D) is commonly used for patients with respiratory distress, but in this case, side positioning is more beneficial for improving gas exchange in the specific affected area.