ATI RN
Cardiovascular Pharmacology Drug Class Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following cholinomimetics is used in the treatment of atropine intoxication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physostigmine is the correct answer for treating atropine intoxication due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels. Neostigmine (A) is primarily used for myasthenia gravis, Carbochol (B) is a non-selective cholinomimetic, and Lobeline (D) is a nicotinic receptor agonist.
Question 2 of 5
Norepinephrine produces:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction by stimulating smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. This leads to increased blood pressure. Vasodilatation (B) is incorrect as norepinephrine does not cause blood vessels to dilate. Bronchodilation (C) is incorrect because norepinephrine primarily affects blood vessels, not bronchioles. Decreased potassium concentration in the plasma (D) is incorrect as norepinephrine does not directly impact potassium levels. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Vasoconstriction.
Question 3 of 5
Beta-blocking drugs-induced chronically lower blood pressure may be associated with theirs effects on:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Beta-blocking drugs lower blood pressure by affecting multiple systems. 1. The heart: Beta blockers reduce heart rate and contractility, leading to decreased cardiac output. 2. The blood vessels: Beta blockers cause vasodilation, reducing peripheral resistance. 3. The renin-angiotensin system: Beta blockers can inhibit renin release, decreasing angiotensin II levels and reducing vasoconstriction. Therefore, the effects of beta blockers on the heart, blood vessels, and renin-angiotensin system collectively result in chronically lower blood pressure. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because beta blockers impact all these systems, not just one.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following benzodiazepines is used mainly for hypnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flurazepam. Flurazepam is a benzodiazepine commonly used for its sedative-hypnotic properties, making it ideal for treating insomnia and inducing sleep. Clonazepam (A) is mainly used for seizure disorders and panic disorder. Lorazepam (B) is primarily used for anxiety and agitation. Midazolam (D) is commonly used for sedation before medical procedures. Therefore, Flurazepam is the most appropriate choice for hypnosis among the options provided.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the antiseizure drug, which is a sulfonamide derivative, blocking Na+ channels and having additional ability to inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Zonisamide. Zonisamide is a sulfonamide derivative that blocks Na+ channels and also inhibits T-type Ca2+ channels. This dual mechanism of action helps in controlling seizures. Tiagabine (A) inhibits GABA reuptake, Ethosuximide (C) blocks T-type Ca2+ channels only, and Primidone (D) is metabolized into phenobarbital, which enhances GABAergic activity.