Which of the following characteristics are similar with respect to Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Factor VIII and vWF are present in normal to high relative amounts in newborns due to the physiological adaptation to the low levels at birth. 2. Both Factor VIII and vWF play crucial roles in the coagulation cascade, but their levels decrease after birth. 3. The other choices are incorrect because: - A: Factor VIII is primarily made in endothelial cells and vWF is made in endothelial cells and platelets, not megakaryocytes. - B: Thrombin activates Factor VIII but not vWF, which is activated by shear stress. - D: Factor VIII is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies, but vWF is stored in platelets and endothelial cells, not in the Weibel-Palade bodies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the ex-28 week premature infant requiring NICU-level care for necrotizing enterocolitis has the greatest risk of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism. Premature infants have inherent hypercoagulability due to immature coagulation factors and increased risk of endothelial injury from central lines or catheters. Necrotizing enterocolitis further increases the risk of venous stasis due to decreased gut perfusion. Choice A: The 3-day-old full-term infant admitted for hyperbilirubinemia is less likely to have significant risk factors for thrombosis compared to a premature infant with necrotizing enterocolitis. Choice B: The 6-month-old male admitted for respiratory syncytial virus is less likely to have prolonged immobilization or other significant risk factors compared to a premature infant in the NICU. Choice D: The 7-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia has a higher risk of thromb

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: MAP. In localized osteosarcoma, the response to preoperative chemotherapy is evaluated based on the percentage of tumor necrosis. A necrosis of 40% is considered a good response. The standard of care after surgery is to continue with the same chemotherapy regimen to complete the course. Continuing with MAP in this case is important to ensure that any remaining cancer cells are effectively treated. Option A (IE) and option B (MAPIE) are not indicated as they are different regimens and not the standard of care for this scenario. Option C (Gemcitabine docetaxel) is also not the appropriate choice as it is not the standard treatment protocol for localized osteosarcoma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the client on safety precautions. A platelet count of 58,000/mm3 is considered low (normal range is 150,000-450,000/mm3). This places the client at risk for bleeding. Safety precautions involve preventing injuries that could lead to bleeding, such as falls, bumps, or cuts. This is crucial to prevent complications like spontaneous bleeding. Encouraging high-protein foods (choice A) is important for overall health but not directly related to managing low platelet count. Neutropenic precautions (choice B) are for clients with low white blood cell counts, not low platelet counts. Limiting visitors (choice C) to healthy adults is important for infection control but not directly related to preventing bleeding in a client with low platelet count.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol can lead to various hematologic health problems such as anemia, bleeding disorders, and impaired immune function. Excessive alcohol intake can disrupt the production of red blood cells and platelets, leading to an increased risk of hematologic issues. Family history of military excellence (A) and family history of allergies (D) are not directly related to hematologic health problems. A diet low in iron and protein (B) can contribute to hematologic issues, but it is not as direct a risk factor as excessive alcohol consumption.