ATI RN
Genitourinary Review of Systems Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following cephalosporins has in vitro activity against anaerobic gram negative bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cefuroxime. Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin that has demonstrated in vitro activity against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis. This is due to its broader spectrum of activity compared to other choices. A: Cefdinir is a third-generation cephalosporin with limited activity against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. C: Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin primarily effective against aerobic gram-positive bacteria. D: Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with limited activity against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria.
Question 2 of 5
Combivir is a combination therapy used to treat HIV and AIDS include which of the following drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamivudine and zidovudine. Combivir is a combination therapy that contains these two drugs, which are commonly used together to treat HIV and AIDS. Lamivudine and zidovudine work synergistically to inhibit viral replication by targeting different stages of the HIV life cycle. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that blocks the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, while zidovudine is also an NRTI that interferes with viral DNA synthesis. This combination helps reduce the viral load and improve the immune response in patients. Incorrect Choices: A: Lamivudine and stavudine - Stavudine is not part of the Combivir combination therapy. C: Abacavir and zidovudine - Abacavir is not part of the Combivir combination therapy. D: Abacavir and stavudine
Question 3 of 5
Isoniazid is a primary antitubercular agent that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A being correct: 1. Isoniazid can lead to pyridoxine deficiency. 2. Pyridoxine supplementation helps prevent neurotoxicity. 3. Thus, isoniazid therapy requires pyridoxine supplementation. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Isoniazid does not effectively penetrate the BBB. C: Ocular complications of isoniazid are generally irreversible. D: Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are not common side effects of isoniazid.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drug/(s) that is /are used to treat chronic hepatitis B?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because both Lamivudine and Human interferon α are commonly used to treat chronic hepatitis B. Lamivudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor that helps inhibit viral replication. Human interferon α is a type of immunomodulatory drug that boosts the immune system to fight the virus. Amantadine (choice C) is not typically used for treating hepatitis B, making it incorrect. Therefore, the combination of Lamivudine and Human interferon α (choice D) is the most appropriate treatment option for chronic hepatitis B.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drug is a radical curative in plasmodium vivax malaria and is used as prophylaxis for malaria at Chloroquine sensitive regions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primaquine. Primaquine is a radical curative drug for Plasmodium vivax malaria, targeting the liver stage of the parasite to prevent relapse. It is also used as prophylaxis in Chloroquine sensitive regions due to its effectiveness against both the liver and blood stages of the parasite. Quinine (A) is mainly used for treating severe malaria. Mefloquine (C) is used for prophylaxis but not as a radical curative for Plasmodium vivax. Chloroquine (D) is effective against Plasmodium vivax but not as a radical curative.