ATI RN
Genitourinary System Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following cephalosporins has in vitro activity against anaerobic * gram negative bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cefepime. Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin that has broad-spectrum activity, including against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis. Its extended spectrum of activity is due to its increased stability against beta-lactamases produced by many bacteria. Choices A, B, and C (Cefdinir, Cefuroxime, Cefazolin) are not typically effective against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. Cefdinir is primarily active against respiratory pathogens, Cefuroxime has limited anaerobic coverage, and Cefazolin is more effective against gram-positive bacteria.
Question 2 of 5
Combivir is a combination therapy used to treat HIV and AIDS include which * of the following drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamivudine and zidovudine. Combivir is a combination therapy that consists of these two drugs. Lamivudine and zidovudine work together to inhibit the replication of the HIV virus. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, while zidovudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Both drugs target different stages of the HIV life cycle, making them effective when used in combination. Choice A (Lamivudine and stavudine) is incorrect because stavudine is not part of the Combivir combination therapy. Choice C (Abacavir and zidovudine) is incorrect because abacavir is not included in Combivir. Choice D (Abacavir and stavudine) is incorrect because stavudine is not part of the Combivir combination therapy.
Question 3 of 5
Which macrolide antibiotic that can be given once a day for 3 days for * empirical treatment of ENT, respiratory and genital infections?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Azithromycin. It has a long half-life allowing for once-daily dosing for 3 days. Azithromycin is effective against common ENT, respiratory, and genital infections. Rationale: A: Erythromycin requires more frequent dosing due to shorter half-life. C: Clarithromycin is not typically given once a day for 3 days. D: Roxithromycin is less commonly used for these infections and has a shorter half-life.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following bactericidal antimycobacterial drugs binds to S12 * ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis when injectable drug is needed and also effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis drug, can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptomycin. Streptomycin binds to the S12 ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis and is used as an injectable drug. Streptomycin can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects. Choice B: Ethambutol primarily inhibits cell wall synthesis and can cause optic neuritis. Choice C: Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis and can cause hepatotoxicity. Choice D: Rifampicin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and can cause hepatotoxicity and drug interactions.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following antifungal agent act as fungicidal by inhibiting the * synthesis of β1,3 glucan used for the disseminated mucocutaneous Candida infections?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Caspofungin is a echinocandin antifungal that inhibits the synthesis of β1,3 glucan in the fungal cell wall, leading to cell death. This mechanism makes it fungicidal against Candida infections. Amphotericin B disrupts fungal cell membranes, while Flucytosine interferes with DNA/RNA synthesis. Ketoconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Therefore, A is correct as it targets the specific mechanism for Candida infections.