Which of the following cephalosporins has activity against gram negative * anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, and the only cephalorins that cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain?

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Genitourinary System Questions

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following cephalosporins has activity against gram negative * anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, and the only cephalorins that cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Ceftriaxone belongs to the third-generation cephalosporins known for broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative * anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis. 2. It is the only cephalosporin among the choices that can effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier, making it effective in treating central nervous system infections. 3. Cefoxitin (B) is a second-generation cephalosporin mainly active against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. 4. Cephalin (C) is not a cephalosporin and does not exist. 5. Cexime (D) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with extended spectrum, but it does not have the same ability to cross the blood-brain barrier as ceftriaxone.

Question 2 of 5

Which of the following drugs most likely cause d this hematologic abnormality?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Zidovudine. Zidovudine is known to cause hematologic abnormalities, specifically bone marrow suppression leading to anemia and neutropenia. This is due to its myelosuppressive effects. Acyclovir, Foscarnet, and Amantadine do not typically cause such hematologic abnormalities. Acyclovir and Foscarnet are antiviral medications primarily affecting viral replication, while Amantadine is an antiviral agent used for influenza A virus. Therefore, based on the mechanism of action and known side effects, Zidovudine is the most likely drug to cause this hematologic abnormality.

Question 3 of 5

Which of the following antiviral drug most commonly used drug for prevention * and treatment of CMV infections in the immunocompromised patients?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ganciclovir. Ganciclovir is the most commonly used antiviral drug for prevention and treatment of CMV infections in immunocompromised patients because it is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thus preventing viral replication. Ganciclovir has a specific activity against CMV, making it effective for treating CMV infections. Choice B: Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment, not for CMV infections. Choice C: Amantadine is an antiviral drug used for influenza A treatment, not for CMV infections. Choice D: Foscarnet is a pyrophosphate analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase but is typically used as a second-line treatment for CMV due to its side effects and toxicity compared to Ganciclovir.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following statement about retroviral protease inhibitors? *

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because retroviral protease inhibitors specifically target the protease enzyme in HIV, which is essential for viral replication at an early step. This disrupts the maturation of new viral particles, inhibiting viral replication. Choice B is incorrect as zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, not a protease inhibitor. Choice C is incorrect as protease inhibitors are known to inhibit CYP3A4, leading to drug interactions, but not all of them interact with many other drugs. Choice D is incorrect as it combines two separate statements without providing accurate information.

Question 5 of 5

A 5 year old child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to * clumping of roundworms. Which of the following anthelmintic which administered by orogastric tube can relax the balls of ascaris and relieve the obstruction?:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piperazine. Piperazine paralyzes the muscles of the roundworms, causing them to relax and detach from the intestinal walls, which helps in relieving the obstruction. Levamisole and Mebendazole work by different mechanisms and are not as effective for this specific situation. Pyrantel pamoate primarily causes paralysis in the worms but may not be as effective as Piperazine in relaxing the balls of ascaris.

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