Which of the following cell types is NOT found in the pancreas?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kappa cells' aren't pancreatic likely a misnomer; pancreas has acinar (exocrine, digestive juices), alpha (glucagon), beta (insulin), and delta (somatostatin) cells. Acinar produce enzymes, alpha raise glucose, beta lower it, delta regulate. No 'kappa' exists other types (e.g., PP cells) are minor, not listed. Absence of kappa distinguishes it, key to pancreatic cell identity, unlike real endocrine/exocrine types.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates Leydig cells in testes to secrete testosterone, driving male reproduction. Progesterone, a female hormone, doesn't trigger this. FSH targets seminiferous tubules for spermatogenesis, not testosterone directly. ACTH stimulates adrenal cortisol, not gonadal testosterone. LH's specific gonadotropin role distinguishes it, essential for androgen production, unlike other hormones' functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oxytocin is released via the pars nervosa (posterior pituitary), synthesized in the hypothalamus, aiding childbirth and lactation. TSH, prolactin, and LH come from the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), regulating thyroid, lactation, and gonads. Pars nervosa, neural tissue, stores and secretes hypothalamic hormones, distinguishing oxytocin's path, key to neurohypophyseal function, unlike anterior glandular secretions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol), lipid-soluble, cross cell membranes to bind receptor proteins in the nucleus, altering gene expression. Cell membrane receptors suit peptide hormones (e.g., insulin). Nuclear membrane or nucleoplasm lack specific steroid receptors nucleus houses them broadly. Nuclear binding drives steroids' slow, genomic effects, distinguishing them, critical for their regulatory role, unlike membrane-based signaling.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are both secreted by the anterior pituitary gland prolactin from lactotrophs stimulates milk production, while TSH from thyrotrophs triggers thyroid hormone release for metabolism. Only TSH directly stimulates thyroid function; prolactin targets mammary glands, not thyroid. Milk production involves prolactin, but TSH regulates metabolism, not lactation. Bone growth is influenced by growth hormone (GH), not these two. Their common anterior pituitary origin defines their production site, distinguishing it from functional overlap or unrelated roles, key to understanding pituitary endocrine control.