Which of the following cases seen by a nurse working in the ED identifies a situation that suggests a case of elder mistreatment?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Choice B is the correct answer because dime-sized burned areas on the upper inner thigh can be indicative of elder mistreatment, such as neglect or abuse. 2. Burns in unusual areas like the inner thigh raise suspicion as they are not commonly accidental. 3. Elderly individuals may be unable to defend themselves or report abuse, making it crucial for healthcare providers to recognize potential signs. 4. Choices A, C, and D do not directly suggest elder mistreatment but may indicate other health issues or accidents. Summary: Choice B is correct as it presents a specific sign of potential elder mistreatment, while the other choices do not exhibit clear indicators of abuse or neglect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: administer the lowest dose of 2 mg. In older adults, especially the elderly, it is essential to start with the lowest effective dose of medication to minimize the risk of adverse effects. This approach follows the principle of "start low and go slow" when administering medications to older adults due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and increased sensitivity to medications. Administering the lowest effective dose helps to reduce the risk of potential complications such as respiratory depression, sedation, and falls. Choice A (administer the highest dose of 6 mg) is incorrect because starting with the highest dose can increase the risk of adverse effects in older adults. Choice C (avoid the narcotic because of the risk of addiction) is incorrect as it is important to manage pain effectively in post-operative patients, and opioids can be safely used under proper supervision. Choice D (administer the dose only when the client asks for the medication 2 times) is incorrect as pain management should be

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a decrease in alveolar elasticity is not a physical change that directly leads to an increasing incidence of hypertension in the older adult. Arterial stiffening and loss of elasticity (choice A) can lead to increased blood pressure. Changes in renal regulation of sodium and water (choice B) can impact fluid balance and blood pressure. Increasing body weight (choice D) can contribute to hypertension through increased strain on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, a decrease in alveolar elasticity is not directly related to hypertension in the same way as the other choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because suggesting appropriate resources like respite care and a senior citizens' center shows the nurse's understanding of the client's needs for social interaction and support. This approach addresses the client's isolation and the daughter's need for assistance in caring for her father. Choice B is incorrect because simply telling the daughter to allow her father to participate does not address the underlying issues of the client feeling in the way and the daughter's need for support. Choice C is incorrect as it ignores the client's need for social interaction and the daughter's need for assistance, prioritizing peace over the client's well-being. Choice D is incorrect as offering to stay with the client while he is isolated does not address the broader issue of the client's need for social engagement and the daughter's need for support.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primarily in the last 30 years. This is because advancements in research methodologies, technology, and increased awareness of aging population's health needs have led to a significant increase in research rigor and scope in the past few decades. Choice B is too broad and vague. Choice C is incorrect as research on older adults' health outcomes predates the establishment of Medicare. Choice D is too limited in scope, as research on older adults' health outcomes has been ongoing for more than just the last decade.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because antibiotics are not standard therapy for congestive heart failure in the elderly. The rationale is that antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not heart failure. A: ACE inhibitors are standard therapy as they help dilate blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart. C: Diuretics help reduce fluid buildup in the body, which is beneficial for managing CHF symptoms. D: Beta blockers are used to reduce the heart's workload and help manage the stress response, making them standard therapy for CHF.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because allowing the client to choose activities promotes autonomy by giving him control over his daily routine and decision-making. This empowers the client to maintain a sense of independence and self-determination, which is crucial in long-term care settings. Planning meals (A) and scheduling appointments (B) are important tasks but do not directly contribute to the client's autonomy. Decorating his room (C) is a thoughtful gesture but does not actively involve the client in decision-making or daily choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because older adults are indeed the fastest growing population using computers and the Internet due to increasing digital literacy and accessibility. Choice B is incorrect as research shows older adults are increasingly using social networking sites. Choice C is incorrect as many older adults do perceive the Internet as a valuable resource. Choice D is also incorrect as older adults are utilizing the Internet to connect with their healthcare providers more frequently.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regular review and adjustment of medications by healthcare providers. This approach is the best because it involves healthcare professionals regularly assessing the appropriateness of each medication, adjusting dosages, and eliminating unnecessary drugs to minimize potential adverse effects and drug interactions in older adults. This proactive management strategy ensures that the patient's medication regimen is optimized for their specific health needs, reducing the risks associated with polypharmacy. Choice A (Regular use of over-the-counter medications) is incorrect as it does not address the issue of polypharmacy and may actually contribute to it. Choice B (Reducing the number of medications based on patient preferences) is not the best approach as patient preferences alone may not always align with the most effective and safe medication regimen. Choice D (Relying solely on herbal supplements) is also incorrect as herbal supplements can interact with prescribed medications, leading to potential complications.