Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism, excess PTH, overstimulates osteoclasts, weakening bones and risking fractures by elevating blood calcium. Bone deposition decreases, and convulsions may occur from hypocalcemia (opposite condition), not hypercalcemia. 'All' is incorrect. Fractures distinguish this pathology, key to diagnosing skeletal effects of prolonged PTH elevation, contrasting with deposition or neurological symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Endocrine glands secrete hormones, chemical messengers, into the bloodstream for distant target organs, like thyroid releasing thyroxine to regulate metabolism systemically. Duct transport defines exocrine glands (e.g., sweat, sebaceous), not endocrine hormones bypass ducts. Neurotransmitters in synaptic clefts are neural, not glandular, actions (e.g., acetylcholine at synapses). Sebaceous and sweat glands are exocrine, releasing sebum or sweat externally, not hormones internally. Bloodstream delivery distinguishes endocrine function, key to their regulatory role across tissues, unlike localized or external secretions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The posterior pituitary stores and releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, synthesized in the hypothalamus, via neural connections ADH conserves water, oxytocin aids childbirth/lactation. The adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), not these. The thyroid secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin, unrelated to ADH/oxytocin. The pineal gland releases melatonin for sleep cycles. Posterior pituitary's neurohypophyseal role as a storage/release site distinguishes it, critical for hypothalamic hormone delivery, unlike steroid or metabolic glands.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hyperthyroidism, excess thyroid hormone (T3/T4), is treated with anti-thyroid drugs, beta blockers, or surgery not synthetic thyroid hormone (e.g., levothyroxine), which treats hypothyroidism by replacing deficient hormone. The question lacks full options, but the answer 'synthetic thyroid hormone' fits as non-treatment for excess states. This distinction clarifies therapeutic goals, reducing T3/T4 versus supplementing, critical for managing thyroid overactivity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The endocrine system secretes hormones into the bloodstream, reaching distant target cells (e.g., insulin from pancreas to muscles), alters metabolism (e.g., thyroxine boosts energy use), and has prolonged effects (e.g., cortisol's stress response lasts hours), unlike rapid neural signals. Each trait holds: blood transport ensures systemic reach, metabolic shifts adapt physiology, and slow, sustained action contrasts with fleeting nerve impulses. All are true, distinguishing endocrine function as a cohesive, long-acting regulator, critical for homeostasis, unlike partial or unrelated properties.