Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer to the question "Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood?" is D) Right pulmonary artery. The rationale for this answer lies in the anatomical and physiological understanding of the circulatory system. The right pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. It is a crucial part of the pulmonary circulation system, where blood is sent to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. This process is essential for maintaining proper oxygen levels in the body. Now, let's explain why the other options are incorrect: A) Aorta: The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. B) Left pulmonary vein: Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The left pulmonary vein specifically carries oxygenated blood from the left lung to the heart. C) Left coronary artery: Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, ensuring proper functioning of the heart. Educational Context: Understanding the direction of blood flow in the circulatory system is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially when administering treatments like oxygen therapy. Knowing which blood vessels carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood helps in providing appropriate care to patients with respiratory or cardiovascular issues. This knowledge is fundamental for nurses, doctors, and other healthcare providers to make informed clinical decisions and ensure patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this ABG result (pH 7.37, PaCO₂ 58 mmHg, PaO₂ 51 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 31 mmol/L), the pH is within the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating partial compensation. The PaCO₂ is elevated (normal 35-45 mmHg), suggesting respiratory acidosis. The HCO₃⁻ is also elevated, indicating metabolic compensation. Therefore, this ABG would be classified as compensated respiratory acidosis. Explanation of other options: A) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis: This is incorrect because there is evidence of metabolic compensation (elevated HCO₃⁻). B) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis: This is incorrect as the ABG results do not show an alkalotic pH or low PaCO₂. D) Compensated metabolic acidosis: This is incorrect as the primary imbalance is respiratory (elevated PaCO₂). Educational context: Understanding ABG results is crucial in assessing a patient's acid-base status and respiratory function. This question highlights the importance of recognizing patterns in ABG results to determine the primary and any compensatory processes occurring in the body. It also emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to interpret ABGs accurately to guide appropriate oxygen therapy interventions for patients with respiratory imbalances.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of administering oxygen therapy during CPR, understanding the EtCO₂ waveform is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of chest compressions and overall resuscitation efforts. The correct answer, option B, "There is return of spontaneous circulation," is indicative of successful resuscitation efforts leading to the return of a perfusing rhythm. Option A, "Epinephrine should be administered in the IV," is incorrect because while epinephrine is a standard drug administered during CPR, the EtCO₂ waveform does not provide information specifically indicating the need for epinephrine at that moment. Option C, "The CPR coach should suggest the person doing compressions should change," is incorrect as well. The EtCO₂ waveform alone does not provide information on the need to change the individual performing compressions; this decision should be based on overall CPR quality and guidelines, not solely on the waveform. Option D, "The ETT is in the esophagus," is also incorrect. While misplaced endotracheal tubes (ETT) can affect EtCO₂ readings, the waveform itself does not directly confirm ETT placement in the esophagus. Educationally, understanding the EtCO₂ waveform during CPR is important for healthcare providers to evaluate the quality of chest compressions and guide resuscitation efforts. By interpreting the waveform correctly, providers can make informed decisions to optimize patient outcomes during cardiac arrest scenarios.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The appropriate follow-up evaluation of a client after suctioning includes assessment of vital signs, charting the appearance of secretions, and comparing findings to previous assessment data. However, it is not correct to only document findings that are abnormal in the client record and assume that the doctor will see the results during rounds. It is important to document all findings, both normal and abnormal, for proper communication and continuity of care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of oxygen therapy, deep breathing is a crucial technique to optimize oxygen intake and promote lung expansion. Option A, "Make each breath deep enough to move the bottom ribs," is the correct choice because it emphasizes the importance of taking deep breaths to fully inflate the lungs, improving oxygenation. This technique helps prevent atelectasis and promotes optimal gas exchange. Option B, "Breathe through the mouth when you inhale and exhale," is incorrect as breathing through the nose is more beneficial as it warms, humidifies, and filters the air before it reaches the lungs. Option C, "Breathe in through the mouth and out through the nose," is incorrect as it does not promote consistent deep breathing to achieve optimal lung expansion. Option D, "Practice deep breathing at least once each week," is incorrect as regular deep breathing exercises are essential for preoperative patients to maintain lung capacity and prevent respiratory complications postoperatively. Educationally, it is important to teach patients undergoing surgery the correct deep breathing techniques to reduce the risk of postoperative complications such as pneumonia and atelectasis. Understanding and practicing effective deep breathing can enhance oxygen delivery, improve lung function, and facilitate a smoother recovery process.