ATI RN
Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following blood types would the nurse identify as the rarest?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood type AB is the rarest of all the blood types. This is because individuals with AB blood type have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making it less common than other blood types. In the ABO blood group system, the distribution of blood types in the general population is approximately 45% type O, 40% type A, 11% type B, and only about 4% type AB. Therefore, blood type AB would be identified as the rarest in the given options.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient on warfarin with an elevated INR level. Which of the ff. would be ordered as the antidote for warfarin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors in the liver, thus prolonging the time it takes for blood to clot. An elevated INR level indicates that the blood is taking longer to clot than desired, potentially putting the patient at risk for bleeding. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin because it helps the liver produce these clotting factors, ultimately reversing the effects of warfarin and promoting normal blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K helps lower the INR level and reduce the risk of bleeding in patients on warfarin therapy. Therefore, in this scenario, Vitamin K would be the appropriate antidote to use for the patient with an elevated INR level.
Question 3 of 5
What should nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn should prioritize safety and best practices. Positioning the neonate supine while sleeping is crucial to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and ensure proper airway alignment. Using a bulb syringe to suction as needed, with the correct technique of suctioning the nose first and then the pharynx, helps effectively remove secretions and keep the airway clear. This intervention promotes optimal respiratory function and reduces the risk of airway obstruction in newborns. Sleeping in the prone position is not recommended due to the increased risk of SIDS. Wrapping the neonate as snugly as possible can also pose risks of overheating and compromising the airway, making it an unsafe practice.
Question 4 of 5
Patients are at risk for overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) following splenectomy. Which of the ff. symptoms alerts the nurse to this possibility?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients who have undergone splenectomy are at risk for overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) due to the absence of a functioning spleen, which is important in fighting certain types of infections, especially those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Symptoms of OPSI can include fever, chills, weakness, and rapid breathing. Fever is a significant sign that alerts the nurse to the possibility of OPSI in a post-splenectomy patient, as it may indicate an infection that the body is struggling to fight without the spleen's immune support. This is a crucial symptom to monitor and act upon promptly to prevent serious complications in these individuals.
Question 5 of 5
Tretinoin (Retin-A) is a topical agent commonly used to treat acne. Nursing considerations with this drug should include:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing considerations with Tretinoin (Retin-A) should include explaining that the medication should not be applied until at least 20 to 30 minutes after washing. This wait time allows the skin to fully dry and reduces the risk of irritation. Applying the medication too soon after washing can increase the likelihood of skin irritation, dryness, and peeling. It is essential to follow this guideline to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and minimize adverse effects on the skin.