Which of the following blood study results would the nurse expect as most likely when caring for the child with iron deficiency anemia?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) due to the microcytic red blood cells that result from inadequate iron availability for hemoglobin synthesis. This leads to smaller red blood cells, which are reflected in a decreased MCV. Iron deficiency anemia would not typically result in an increased hemoglobin or normal hematocrit since the lack of iron impairs the production of red blood cells. Additionally, the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) would usually be increased in iron deficiency anemia as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased iron levels by increasing its ability to bind and transport iron. Therefore, the nurse would expect a decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in a child with iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When caring for a child with Cushing's syndrome, it is important to monitor weight each day and report any weight loss. Cushing's syndrome is characterized by a metabolic disorder that can lead to weight gain, particularly in the abdominal area. However, sudden weight loss in a child with Cushing's syndrome can be a sign of worsening condition or inadequate treatment. Therefore, monitoring weight regularly is crucial in managing the child's condition and adjusting the treatment plan accordingly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a serious condition characterized by the bone marrow's failure to produce enough blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This condition may be inherited or acquired later in life, including during childhood. It results in a deficiency of all types of blood cells, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. Iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemophilia, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are different blood disorders with distinct causes and symptoms, which do not match the description provided in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The apex is the bluntly rounded portion of the heart located at the bottom. It is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and points slightly downward and to the left. The apex is essential in detecting the point of maximum intensity of the heartbeat, known as the apical impulse or point of maximal impulse (PMI). This is where the heart beats closest to the chest wall and can be felt or heard during a physical examination. The base of the heart, on the other hand, is the broader superior part of the heart where the major blood vessels enter and exit. The pericardium is the tough sac enclosing the heart, and the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as strep throat, is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. If left untreated, the infection can lead to complications such as poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, which is a type of nephrotic syndrome affecting the kidneys. Antibiotic treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis is important to prevent these potential severe complications, including nephrotic syndrome. Otitis media, acute laryngitis, and hemorrhagic fever are not direct complications of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis.