Which of the following blood pressure readings falls within the normal range?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (90/75). In blood pressure readings, the first number represents systolic pressure (pressure when the heart beats) and the second number represents diastolic pressure (pressure when the heart is at rest). The normal range for blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg. A reading of 90/75 falls within this range, indicating a healthy blood pressure level. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: B (35/90) - The systolic pressure of 35 is too low, indicating hypotension. C (9/58) - Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are extremely low, indicating severe hypotension. D (40/80) - The systolic pressure of 40 is lower than normal, indicating potential hypotension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Occult. Hidden or occult blood refers to blood that is not visible to the naked eye but can be detected through a microscope or chemical test. This term is commonly used in medical settings to describe blood found in stool that is not visibly apparent. The other choices, B: Hemoccult, C: Toxic, and D: Pathogenic, are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to hidden blood in stool. "Hemoccult" is a specific brand name for a fecal occult blood test, "Toxic" does not relate to blood presence, and "Pathogenic" pertains to disease-causing organisms rather than blood detection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Contact of the mouth with the genitals. This is because sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected genital fluids or skin-to-skin contact in the genital area. Kissing (choice A), contact of hands with the breasts (choice B), and holding hands (choice C) do not typically result in the transmission of STIs as they do not involve direct contact with infected genital areas or fluids. Therefore, choice D is the only option that aligns with how STIs are commonly transmitted through sexual contact.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Plasma. Plasma makes up about 55% of blood volume and consists of water, proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products. It carries nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body. Erythrocytes (A) are red blood cells and make up about 45% of blood volume. Leukocytes (B) are white blood cells, which only constitute a small percentage of blood volume. Platelets (D) are cell fragments involved in blood clotting and make up a very small portion of blood volume. Plasma is the correct answer because it is the main component of blood by volume and serves various essential functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because as individuals age, muscles tend to weaken and lose tone due to a decrease in muscle mass and strength. This is a normal age-related change known as sarcopenia. This process is influenced by factors such as decreased physical activity and hormonal changes. Choice B is incorrect because bones may lose calcium density with age, leading to conditions like osteoporosis. Choice C is incorrect as muscle mass typically decreases with age. Choice D is incorrect as age-related muscle weakening would not directly cause weight gain.