Which of the following best describes why the federal government has become involved in health care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Constitution grants the federal government the power to promote the general welfare through initiatives like healthcare. This power is outlined in Article I, Section 8, known as the General Welfare Clause. This clause allows the federal government to provide for the well-being of its citizens. This involvement in healthcare is not due to states asking for intervention (choice A) or rising costs to states (choice B). While standardizing care on a national level (choice D) may be a potential benefit, the primary reason for federal involvement is rooted in the Constitution's authorization to promote the general welfare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because ideal primary health care should be essential, accessible, affordable, and available to all community members. It should empower individuals to take control of their health through self-management. This approach promotes community well-being and preventive care, addressing health needs at the grassroots level. A is incorrect because primary health care is not solely based on a multidisciplinary team but also on community involvement. C is incorrect as primary health care should not only focus on enrolled individuals but on the entire community. D is incorrect as local efforts should align with the principles of primary health care, but the focus should be on community accessibility and self-management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it aligns with the Affordable Care Act provisions that aim to increase access to affordable health insurance for low-income populations. This assumption is supported by the act's Medicaid expansion and subsidies for purchasing insurance through exchanges. Option A is incorrect as it assumes a shortage of primary care providers, which may not necessarily be the case. Option B is incorrect as Medicare is typically for older adults, not low-income populations. Option C is incorrect as the Affordable Care Act actually expanded access to healthcare for many low-income individuals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the CDC is responsible for publishing national goals for promoting health and preventing disease. This is a key function of the CDC as it sets the direction and priorities for public health initiatives nationwide. Conducting research (A) is typically done by research institutions, universities, and other organizations. Detecting and investigating infectious disease problems (B) is a core function of the CDC, but it is not the primary responsibility mentioned in the question. Developing public health policies (C) is often a collaborative effort between various government agencies and stakeholders, not solely the responsibility of the CDC. Therefore, D is the most accurate choice for the CDC's primary responsibility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sheppard-Towner Act. This law, enacted in 1921, established programs for providing health services to women and children, focusing on maternal and child health. It supported community-oriented nursing practice by funding public health nurses to provide services to underserved populations. A) Early Periodic Screening and Developmental Testing (EPSDT) Initiative focuses on preventive and screening services for Medicaid-eligible children, not specifically for women and children. B) Healthy People 2000 Initiative is a national health promotion and disease prevention agenda, not specifically focused on women and children. D) State Child Health Improvement Act (SCHIP) expanded health insurance coverage for children in low-income families, but it did not establish programs for provision of health services for women and children or support community-oriented nursing practice.