ATI RN
Assessment of Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of alprostadil? *
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alprostadil is a prostaglandin E1 analogue that works by increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. This leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation, which helps in treating conditions like erectile dysfunction. Choice A is incorrect because alprostadil does not primarily increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Choice C is incorrect as there is no known mechanism of action involving PD for alprostadil. Choice D is an incomplete option and not a valid answer.
Question 2 of 5
The Na+Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney is blocked * by;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thiazides. Thiazides inhibit the Na+Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water. This results in diuresis and decreased blood pressure. A: Spironolactone acts on the aldosterone receptor in the collecting duct, not on the Na+Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule. C: Furosemide and D: Ethacrynic acid act on the Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, not on the Na+Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
Question 3 of 5
What volume of glomerular filtrate do adults within the urinary system? make every day?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1-5 litres. This is the average volume of glomerular filtrate that adults produce daily. The kidneys filter around 180 liters of blood plasma daily, but only 1-5 liters of urine is excreted. The gall bladder (A) stores bile, not involved in urine production. The ureter (C) is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, doesn't relate to the volume of filtrate. 80 liters (D) is too high for daily urine production and would lead to severe dehydration.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements about within the urinary system? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is incorrect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Without ADH, the proximal parts of the nephron are permeable to water, not impermeable. ADH acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts to increase water reabsorption. This allows the body to retain water and concentrate urine. Choice A (ureter) is not related to ADH and Choice C and D are incomplete options.
Question 5 of 5
Which is incorrect regarding CAPD peritonitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because vancomycin as a one-off 2 grams to CAPD bags is not sufficient for proven gram-positive infection. For CAPD peritonitis, continuous intraperitoneal antibiotics are required, not just a single dose. This is because peritoneal dialysis fluid is continuously present in the peritoneal cavity, necessitating ongoing antibiotic therapy. Choice A is incorrect because a positive Gram stain in only 10-40% of culture-positive bags does not rule out peritonitis. Choice B is incorrect as coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common organisms isolated in CAPD peritonitis, not Staph aureus. Choice D is incorrect as antibiotics are usually needed parenterally in addition to intraperitoneal administration for severe cases or systemic infections.